深厚软土桥梁桩基荷载传递特性及沉降控制效果研究

通过杭甬铁路客运专线柯桥特大桥单桩静载试验,桩身应变、桩身压缩量及桥墩沉降的测试,研究深厚软土地区桥梁桩基的荷载传递特性及沉降控制效果。结果表明:桩侧摩阻力先于桩端阻力发挥作用;尽管桩端置于强风化凝灰质砂岩上,但在试验荷载下2根超长试验桩的端承比均小于1.5%,桩的承载特性表现为摩擦桩的性质;单桩静载试验实测的桩身压缩量占桩顶沉降量的85%以上;桥墩浇筑完成后经过753d的沉降观测,2个试验墩实测沉降量分别为3.00和3.41mm,其中,无砟轨道铺设后300d的实测沉降分别为0.11和0.25mm,表明在深厚软土地区采用超长钻孔灌注桩控制桥梁基础沉降的效果显著。     

矩形土压平衡式顶管在广州地铁工程中的应用

通过广州地铁6号线东湖站矩形土压式顶管法应用实例,介绍矩形土压平衡式顶管机构造特点、工艺原理、关键工序、控制要点、施工测量及监测等,并就顶管施工应注意的问题及预防措施提出建议。     

高填方黄土明洞顶EPS板和土工格栅共同减载计算及土拱效应分析

基于土压力减载机理,推导高填方黄土明洞顶铺设EPS板和土工格栅共同减载的明洞顶土压力计算公式。利用ANSYS软件模拟不同弹性模量EPS板和土工格栅共同减载时高填方黄土明洞顶的土压力,采用荷载等效方法将数值模拟的"波浪形"分布的土压力转化为均布荷载,将其与公式计算结果进行对比。结果表明:明洞顶土压力均随内外土柱沉降差的增大而减小,公式计算结果与数值模拟结果最大相对误差为3.59%,验证了计算公式的正确性。取EPS板的弹性模量为0.5 MPa,数值模拟明洞顶土体的竖向位移、最小主应力和竖向应力。结果表明:EPS板变形导致明洞顶最小主应力方向发生旋转,指向外土柱,在0.83倍洞高处出现明显的"应力拱";"应力拱"下部竖向、横向土压力均减小;内外土柱沉降差越大,"应力拱"横向应力越大,承担上部荷载越大,土拱效应越明显。     

盾构机采用水土平衡法通过中间风井的技术

盾构机通过中间风井的一般方式是:先完成全部中间风井主体结构,洞门处地下连续墙钢筋混凝土结构,而后盾构机过站,指出这相当于完成一次到站、平移、再次始发的过程,造成涌水涌砂风险集中.随后介绍一种工法:临时回填风井底板结构,盾构从回填土中穿越,最后开挖并修筑中间风井结构,以此降低盾构过风井的涌水涌砂风险.     

单缸摩托车发动机曲轴平衡机构的设计

采用单平衡轴和对曲轴配重合理设计的方法降低单缸摩托车发动机的一阶往复惯性力。通过开发的计算机辅助分析软件对某型发动机按优化计算结果进行了改进设计。样机测试结果表明往复惯性力不平衡引起的振动显著降低。     

Fitness-for-purpose assessment of cracked offshore wind turbine monopile

In this paper, the procedure for flaw acceptability assessment is examined through a case study of a semi-elliptical surface crack in an offshore monopile as it grows till it forms a through thickness crack. Using the procedure prescribed in an industrial standard (BS 7910), the fracture ratio, K_r is shown to increase monotonically with increasing crack depth. The load ratio, L_r, is initially insensitive to the crack depth. However, there is a rapid increase in L_r when the crack depth to thickness ratio exceeds 80%. L_r values obtained from detailed 3D FE limit analysis using elastic-perfectly-plastic material behaviour do not exhibit the asymptotic behaviour predicted by BS 7910 as the flaw transitions from deep crack to through-thickness crack. Furthermore, K_r predicted by BS 7910 is shown to be an over-estimation for the typical dimensions of offshore monopiles. The findings suggest that a structure with a deep flaw may be identified as unacceptable based on BS 7910 when it may still possess a non-trivial amount of structural residual life. This is a concern for monopiles where crack growth as a large flaw forms a significant part of the total life.     

Simulation on progressive collapse behaviour of whole ship model under extreme waves using idealized structural unit method

To ensure the safety of navigating ship, working loads and structural load-carrying capacity are two important aspects. In the present paper, a total simulation system combing load calculation and structural collapse analysis is applied to simulate progressive collapse behaviour of a single-hull Kamsarmax type bulk carrier. A three dimensional singularity distribution method is adopted to calculate pressure distribution with time history. A mixed structural model, collapse part simulated by ISUM elements and remaining part by elastic FEM elements with relative coarse mesh, is proposed for collapse analysis. Progressive collapse behaviour obtained by ISUM is good agreement with that by nonlinear software package, MARC. However, the calculation time of ISUM analysis is about 1/70 of MARC analysis. The applicability to structure system, high accuracy and sufficient efficiency of ISUM had been demonstrated.     

37500m3乙烷运输船液货舱的载荷传递

本文针对为应对美国页岩气革命而研发的37,500m3全球最大型乙烷运输船,就超长的C型独立液货舱的静态载荷如何传递到船体结构,进行了深入地分析研究,设计了不同的载荷分布方式和相应的装载工况,并通过有限元方法进行了分析验证,得出了一些实用的结论,对今后采用C型独立液货舱的液化气船的设计提供了重要参考。     

现代大学生公寓电气设计浅析

文章采用文献资料、归纳与综合、专家访谈等研究方法,对现代大学生公寓电气设计进行了系统研究,主要内容包括配电系统、负荷系统、防雷接地、消防系统和智能化五个方面,旨为大学生公寓的电气设计提供有益资讯．     

浮冰冲击作用下的乙烯运输船体 舷侧结构强度分析

对无限航区的21000m3乙烯运输船舷侧结构,分别采用纵骨架式和横骨架式冰区加强设计。根据FSICR规范要求,更新舷侧冰带区域内构件尺寸,并针对艏部冰带区域内船体结构,分别建立了原始的、纵骨架式的和横骨架式的冰带结构设计有限元模型。通过强度计算,认为艏部冰带区新结构满足规范设计载荷要求。在此基础上,单独建立艏货舱冰区舷侧外板板架有限元模型,研究两种新设计形式适用的外板在更大浮冰冲击载荷作用下塑性变形。计算结果表明:纵骨架式结构外板塑性变形明显低于横骨架式。