秦岭当归的生药学研究

作者对民间药秦岭当归的来源、生药性状、显微组织结构,粉末特征以及薄层层析定性、挥发油含量测定等方面进行了系统的生药学研究,并与当归进行了比较。同时,应用原子吸收分光光度法对其所含铜、锌、锰、铁等8种微量元素进行了测定。从而为秦岭当归的鉴别,品质评价,质量标准的制定及进一步的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

薄板激光填丝焊工艺研究

研究了一种新的焊接工艺方法——激光填丝焊，改进和设计了该工艺专用的送丝机及其位置精密调整机构，并对其主要工艺参数进行了初步试验与分析，提出了确定送丝速度的经验公式。激光填丝焊是对接焊缝存在较大间隙条件下直用激光焊的一种新工艺，它可以提高激光焊接件在实际生产中装配加工精度。     

模拟异种钢接头蠕变力学特性的数值分析

利用有限元数值模拟了高强匹配异种的接头在弹性－蠕变条件下的应力／应变场，结果表明，接头的应力／应变分布不均匀，在焊缝界面上，应力和应变分别呈不连续和不协调分布特性，并随着拦头各区蠕变强度差别的增大，其分布梯度增大，峰值应力／应变提高，因此，蠕变强度梯度大的高强焊缝和低强母材的界面是接头的薄弱部位。     

泡沫金属三维细观有限元建模技术研究

针对泡沫金属复杂随机的内部结构特征,基于计算机断层扫描技术（CT）,开展了泡沫金属的三维细观有限元建模技术研究。对泡沫金属的断层扫描图片进行处理,得到二值图,并提取灰度建立其点云模型,再对点云模型实体化得到细观数值模型。开展了泡沫金属的准静态压缩试验,对细观有限元模型进行了验证。试验与仿真结果吻合良好,表明建立的细观有限元模型可以准确地模拟泡沫金属的力学特性。     

灌浆波纹管装配式PC双柱墩双向拟静力试验

为了解双向荷载作用下灌浆波纹管装配式双柱墩的抗震性能,设计和制作了现浇混凝土墩、灌浆波纹管连接和预应力灌浆波纹管混合连接装配式双柱墩构件。开展了装配式双柱墩的双向拟静力试验,研究了破坏模式、滞回特性、骨架曲线、刚度退化、残余位移和接缝张开规律等,并与现浇混凝土双柱墩墩进行比较,重点分析了灌浆波纹管连接装配式预应力混凝土（PC）双柱墩的位移延性和变形性能。结果表明,整体现浇墩和波纹管连接装配式双柱墩的破坏形态均是以弯曲破坏为主的延性破坏,预应力增大了轴压,使得双柱墩的柱脚混凝土压碎高度增大到15 cm,而灌浆波纹管连接装配式混凝土墩的柱脚破坏高度为10 cm。双向荷载作用下,现浇墩的耗能能力、极限承载力、刚度等均大于灌浆波纹管装配式墩。增加预应力筋后,装配式双柱墩强轴方向的滞回耗能、承载力、刚度和变形能力等可以接近现浇墩,其中承载力达到现浇墩的97.9%。位移延性系数为4.79,大于现浇墩的位移延性系数3.23,残余变形则降低到现浇墩的70%。同时,预应力灌浆波纹管装配式墩2个方向的位移延性和变形能力更为接近,均可以形成完全塑性铰机制,从而避免了一个方向的过早破坏,整体抗震性能明显提升。研究结果可以为灌浆波纹管装配式PC双柱墩的设计和应用提供试验基础。     

铁路货场土壤重金属污染研究

铁路货场重金属矿石运输会对货场土壤造成污染,通过实验分析了铁路土壤污染状况,介绍了土壤污染的危害,对目前国内外的土壤修复技术进行了总结。根据铁路货场的实际情况,提出了铁路货场土壤重金属污染的修复方式。     

机车轮缘干式减磨新技术的应用研究

介绍了基于表面工程原理的新型轮缘干式减磨技术。应用研究表明这种采用金属减摩修复技术的产品不但安全、适用,其两种适用于不同线路产品的减磨效果,较既用产品分别提高了8%和40%以上。     

高速公路岩质及不稳定边坡工程与生物防护结合技术研究

较为详细地质介绍了引进吸收的日本先进坡面防护技术——金属框架整体防护技术。此技术把工程防护与生物防护有效地结合起来，既保证了切割坡面的力学稳定性，又利用生物防护有效地绿化美化坡面，防止水土流失。对各种风化、兰风化岩石边堤及其它不稳定边坡的防护可产生良好的效果。     

A design method of tensile triangles and low transformation temperature weld metal for reduction of stress concentration and residual stress of welded joints

Stress concentration and residual stress have a significant influence on fatigue life of welded joints. In order to reduce the stress concentration of welded joints, a mathematical design method of tensile triangles (MTT) based on bionics was applied to weld shape design. Accordingly, the stress concentration of various weld beads in the corner boxing welded joint and the fillet welded T-joint was dissected using our in-house FEM software JWRIAN. It was found that there existed a large stress concentration in the conventional welded joints, whereas those welded joints with elongated weld bead were accompanied by a lower stress concentration, especially for elongated weld bead with MTT design. Furthermore, among the weld shapes of the corner boxing fillet welded joint, the rectangle shape of weld bead had the minimum stress concentration factor (1.05). For the fillet welded T-joint with MTT design, the stress concentration of weld toe decreased dramatically with the increase of the index of designed shape, but there was a minor difference of stress concentration at weld root between the weld beads with MTT design. In addition, application of low transformation temperature (LTT) weld metal utilizing martensitic transformation to the fillet welded T-joints can produce compressive residual stress at weld toe.     

Corrosion rate measurements in steel sheet pile walls in a marine environment

Corrosion of steel structures in the marine environment is a major problem. The deterioration of this kind of structures is costly and difficult to predict both when designing new structures and when estimating the remaining service life time for existing structures. The aim of this investigation was to find indicative values for the corrosion rate of steel sheet piles on the Swedish west coast. Such corrosion rates (mm/year) can be used both when designing new structures by oversizing the steel thickness and when estimating the bearing capacity of existing sheet pile structures. Earlier investigations on the corrosion rates along the Swedish east coast – with salinity from about 0.2% to 0.8% – are still used today as guidelines for the corrosion rate of all steel structures in the Swedish maritime environment even though the salinity on the west coast can be as high as 3.0%.Steel sheet pile wharfs located in the port of Halmstad on the Swedish west coast were inspected by ultrasonic measurements. Three wharf structures with a total length of about 700 m were inspected. None of the inspected wharfs had or have had cathodic protection. The thickness measurements of the steel sheet pile structures were performed by divers.The age of the three inspected sheet pile structures ranged from 36 to 51 years. The dimensions of the original sheet pile sections are known. One of the quay structures is located along a river. The salinity at all wharfs varied from low values at the surface to approx. 2% at the bottom (also in the river outflow).The measured average corrosion rates were in the same order as the design values in the European code. However, the results indicate increased corrosion rates about 1 m below the mean water surface and at the level of the propellers from the ships berthing the most frequented of the inspected wharfs, 3–6 m below water surface.The tolerances of steel sheet thicknesses – usually in the order of ±6% – are often neglected when investigating the remaining thickness in steel sheet piles. A simple calculation model shows that the sheet pile must be almost 50 years of age before an accurate estimation on the corrosion rate can be made, considering the tolerances, if the true original sheet pile thickness is not known.