论摆线针轮行星传动新产品的开发

本文论述了日本90年代最新型摆线针轮行星减速机的特点及其为提高产品性能所采用的主要措施,并扼要介绍了我国在此领域中所取得的科研成果,指出了与日本产品相比的差距,以及提高其质量的有效措施.     

一种新型的主机调速系统

针对全回转舵桨汽车渡船，提出了一种新型的主机气控调速系统，并对其工作原理、调速方法及调压阀设计作了简要分析。     

提速线路旁深基坑施工的路基防护

在提速线路和高路堤旁开挖深基坑及施工墩台对既有路基稳定性的影响,是工程施工中首要解决的问题.此文结合津浦线澥河大桥护孔工程深基坑钻孔桩支护的成功经验,探讨了路基防护的措施.     

包海通道西安至安康高速铁路运输需求分析

研究国家高速铁路网包海通道西安至安康高速铁路的运输需求,可为本线主要技术标准、运输组织和建设方案的确定提供决策依据。首先通过旅客运输径路比较分析,确定本线主要承担我国蒙西、陕北、山西、北京、东北地区、关中地区与陕南、西南、广西、海南等地的旅客交流,兼顾陕南重镇安康等与关中城市群、陕北地区的城际客流,其次基于"四阶段法"基本原理,对区域铁路客运量进行分配预测,并按照趋势运量、转移运量、诱增运量进一步分析本线客流密度,最后研究本线客流构成、所在通道的综合交通方式结构,并综合确定本线客车开行方案。     

发动机转速的应用研究

随着就车检测诊断技术的发展和发动机瞬时转速检测技术的提高，对发动机转速的检测已经成为检测发动机性能，诊断发动机故障的手段。在大量试验和分析的基础上，提出了应用发动机转速作为主要判据的设想。     

变带速干线协调控制模型研究

建立了以绿波带宽度为目标函数、以时差为决策变量的变带速干线协调控制的数学模型。模型中以各交叉口可以为绿波带提供的绿时最大为分解目标,以各交叉口间上下行实测自由行驶时间代替以平均车速计算的交叉口间行驶时间,大大地提高了绿波控制的效率。     

非港湾式公交停车对道路交通流的影响分析

公交车进出站点不仅影响本身,也给其他车辆运行带来很大干扰。文章首先比较全面地分析非港湾式公交停车影响下道路交通流特征,然后借助于EXCEL软件,构建关于公交停车频率、公交停车时间、最大公交停车长度及其存在时间、道路流量的车速和车头时距多元线性模型,并进行了严格的数学检验。该研究为合理分析路段交通流状况、正确计算区间行驶车速与车头时距提供了依据。     

Point-to-point speed enforcement systems: Speed limits design criteria and analysis of drivers’ compliance

Point-to-point (P2P) speed enforcement is a relatively new approach to traffic law enforcement. Its technology allows vehicles whose average speed exceeds the speed limit over the controlled section to be fined. It therefore encourages compliance over distances longer than those where spot enforcement policies have been in place.In this paper, a procedure for consistently setting speed limits with such enforcement systems is proposed. Such a method has been applied to design the speed limits on two motorways in the district of Naples, Italy, where P2P enforcement systems became operational in 2009 and 2010. The speed limits, which were set using the Italian geometric design standard to assess vehicle stability and stopping sight distance, have been compared with those provided by using well-known international standards.The impact of the newly designed speed limits and of the P2P enforcement system on drivers’ speeding behaviour has been quantified for each highway section and vehicle type. In fact, accurate measurements of the average travel speeds of each vehicle crossing the enforced sections, before and after the activation of the system, were available. The migration from the old speed limits with spot speed enforcement to the new approach resulted in a notable increase in drivers’ compliance to the speed limits with a remarkable decrease in both the average of individual speeds and in their standard deviation.In addition, the analysis of 3 years of data shows that a gradual adaptation of drivers’ behaviour to the system took place. In particular, a decreasing compliance to the speed limits points to a non-optimal system management. Finally, the results of a revealed preference survey allowed us to make a behavioural interpretation regarding the significantly different impacts measured on the two motorways.     

Extracting driving characteristics from heavy goods vehicle tachograph charts

European Union regulations require haulage companies of member states like the UK to keep records of their drivers’ hours of work. All heavy goods vehicles (HGV's) over 7.5 tonnes are fitted with tachographs which record a driver's operating activities (periods of driving, other work and rest). These records are etched onto a laminated chart by various styli, one of which records the vehicle's speed. This paper describes the development and testing of a new technique for extracting individual driving characteristics from the speed trace of an HGV tachograph chart to calculate four parameters: distance travelled, average speed, time travelled and speed variability.

The average speed, time travelled and speed variability were analysed statistically using one‐way analysis of variance tests. Speed variability was found to be particularly useful for identifying differences between individual driver's behaviour. Once differences in behaviours can be identified it may be possible to link certain driving habits to factors such as component wear, accident rates and excessive fuel usage.