Bus Priority Using pre-signals

The need to provide efficient public transport services in urban areas has led to the implementation of bus priority measures in many congested cities. Much interest has recently centred on priority at signal controlled junctions, including the concept of pre-signals, where traffic signals are installed at or near the end of a with-flow bus lane to provide buses with priority access to the downstream junction. Although a number of pre-signals have now been installed in the U.K., particularly in London, there has been very little published research into their design, operation and optimisation. This paper addresses these points through the development of analytical procedures which allow pre-implementation evaluation of specific categories of pre-signals. The paper initially sets out three categories of pre-signal, which have different operating characteristics, different requirements for signalling and different impacts on capacity and delay. Key issues concerning signalling arrangements for these categories are then discussed, together with a summary of the analytical approach adopted and the assumptions required. Equations are developed to allow appropriate signal timings to be calculated for pre-signalised intersections. Further equations are then developed to enable delays to priority and non-priority traffic, with and without pre-signals, to be estimated with delay being taken here as the key performance criterion. The paper concludes with three application examples illustrating how the equations are applied and the impacts of pre-signals in different situations.The analyses confirm the potential benefits of pre-signals, where these signals apply to non-priority traffic only. Where buses are also subject to a pre-signal, it is shown that disbenefits to buses can often occur, unless bus detectors are used to gain priority signalling.     

可变车道诱导方法研究

为寻求可变车道的诱导方法,提出基于双停车线的主、预信号诱导方法,对双停车线的布局方法和预信号的配时方法进行了研究.确定了主、预信号之间的距离;对主、预信号之间的配时关系进行了分析,确定了主预信号周期之间的关系、车道属性过渡过程中预信号的配时方案以及双停车线之间的距离对信号配时的影响.     

信号交叉口可变车道主预信号配时协调关系研究

为缓解各流向交通流量分布不均导致的交叉口特定流向交通拥挤,减少道路交叉口的资源浪费,基于主信号和预信号联合控制的信号交叉口控制方法,采用预信号换道线的概念,对预信号的设置方法进行分析,提出了车道属性过渡中预信号的配时方案及其计算方法;通过交通仿真软件VISSIM分别对设置可变车道前、后以及不同的主预信号协调方案进行了对比。研究表明:该方法能够使关键状态参量(如延误)显著降低。     

信号交叉口预信号设置条件研究

在信号交叉口设置预信号可以实现公交车辆在社会车辆之前排队,当主信号绿灯启亮后公交车辆优先通过交叉口。然而,设置预信号在减少公交车辆延误的同时,会增加社会车辆延误,因此预信号设置时需要满足一定条件才能取得理想效果。本文从车道数量、车道利用率及人总延误三方面研究设置预信号需要满足的条件。首先介绍设置预信号交叉口的布局型式,然后介绍进口道设置预信号前后的延误计算方法,最后分析预信号设置条件。研究表明：在进口道有两条直行车道处设置预信号,当车道利用率不均衡系数在0．5-1．7范围内、公交比例大于0．3、车道饱和度大于0．40时设置预信号能显著减少交叉口延误并且对社会车辆影响较小。     

城市道路交叉口公交预信号控制方法及其应用研究

综述了公交预信号的国内外技术现状,提出城市道路交叉口公交预信号设置条件,给出了公交预置区车道布局方式,通过实验修正了公交专用候驶区长度计算模型,并给出了交叉口区域停车线、车道分布及公交优先检测器的布设。以上海市鲁班路复兴中路路口为应用对象,调查了公交预信号可实施条件,并计算了第二停车线设置位置,计算出车道灯先红先绿信号控制时间,论文基于PA-RAMICS仿真评估表明1 h内该路口公交车等待时间减少了28%,社会车辆平均等待时间增加了6%,达到公交信号优先的目的。     

公交优先的预信号控制交叉口车辆延误分析

为了定量评价公交优先预信号控制交叉口车辆延误,首先对已有研究中所确定的主信号与预信号相互协调关系的不足进行了分析,并对其进行了改进;然后对主信号处车辆到达和离开过程进行了分析,在此基础上,分别对设置预信号前后公交车辆与社会车辆延误变化的计算方法进行了研究。结果表明:预信号控制有助于减少公交车辆的延误,却增加了社会车辆的延误,而人均延误有所减少,但在交叉口处于非饱和状态时人均减少延误效果不甚明显。