基于无人机的高层住宅最后“一百米”配送优化

针对城市高层住宅顾客对上门配送服务的需求，借助无人机停放平台，考虑包裹异质性以及无人机在不同配送阶段的精确能耗，构建以无人机飞行成本和能耗成本最小为目标，以无人机容量、电池组容量等为约束的高层住宅无人机上门配送模型，解决“垂直位置最后一百米配送”问题。基于此模型，设计带变邻域下降(VND)搜索的混合蚁群算法(HACO-VND)，引入4个算子进行变邻域下降搜索，为了提高算法的求解性能，提出两种局部搜索算子组合，根据顾客点数量使用不同的算子组合。实验结果表明，HACO-VND算法较CPLEX在求解精度与求解时间方面更优，特别是在大中型算例中表现出较佳性能。参数分析表明，高层住宅楼层数越多，无人机单次 飞行的能耗利用率越大，无人机容量与电池组容量共同对配送方案产生影响。为以后无人机送货上门服务方面的研究提供参考和思路。     

航空货运产业关联性及临空产业体系构建研究

本文将从航空经济链条体系结构入手,运用投入产出法对航空货运业与各产业部门的关联性进行定量分析,构建以运输成本为主要影响因素的区位选择指标分析货运枢纽机场的产业带动机制。最后本文对目前我国航空货运业对国民经济的整体贡献进行评价,并提出通过航空货运业带动区域经济发展的政策建议。     

高速铁路枢纽站技术作业计划与动车所调车作业计划协同编制研究

分析高速铁路枢纽站技术作业计划与动车所调车作业计划的协同编制过程,提出了将两个计划一体化编制的思想。以需安排作业效益最大化为优化目标,构建基于动车组车底的高速铁路枢纽站与动车所作业计划协同编制模型。针对模型特点,提出瓶颈工序、启发式分配规则及粗粒度主从进程模式的并行禁忌搜索策略(PTS)相结合的混合优化算法,首先确定作业安排瓶颈工序,然后启动主进程和若干从进程,主进程运用启发式分配规则快速生成初始解分配给从进程,从进程运用与瓶颈工序相关的禁忌算法搜索优化解,并反馈给主进程,主进程记录全局最优解并根据交叉策略生成新的初始解,重新分配给从进程进行TS搜索。最后,用实例验证了模型和算法的有效性。     

京津冀地区燃料电池汽车示范运行研究

本文在跟踪调研北京和张家口地区示范运营的燃料电池汽车的基础上,采集车辆的运营数据,完成了车辆运营里程、加氢量、百公里耗氢量、加氢次数、故障信息等数据指标的统计和分析对比,针对示范运营过程中存在的问题提出建议,论文研究结果在一定程度上概括和反映了2019年度京津冀地区燃料电池汽车的示范运营情况。     

考虑高铁客运产品间交叉弹性的动态票价策略

将由特定高铁列车所提供的起讫点间的旅客运输服务定义为单个高铁客运产品。随着高速铁路越来越"公交化",同一起讫点间客运产品间的可替代性越来越强,票价的调整有了更精细化的要求。用经济学中的交叉弹性理论描述客运产品间的可替代程度,用指数需求函数描述客运产品的需求与票价的关系,构建并求解高铁动态票价优化模型,对客运产品间不同可替代程度下的最优动态票价策略进行研究。结果显示:高铁客运产品间的可替代性会影响票价策略的选择,且客运产品间可替代程度的增加是否有利于客票收益的提高与可行折扣票价集合的选取有关。     

货车自动驾驶技术及标准法规发展分析

目前,自动驾驶技术在乘用车领域已获得突破性发展;为提高通行效率和出行安全起到了极大的作用。自动驾驶技术在商用车领域的应用,有望较好解决高昂的人力成本和难以提高的效率等问题。然而,目前自动驾驶技术在货车的应用大多采用跟乘用车同样的标准进行规范,这在实际应用中存在着诸多的问题;例如,在FCW和AEB功能中货车在相同车速的制动距离要远大于乘用车,而其所采用标准规定的碰撞预警时间却并无多大不同,这在实际场景中存在着较大的安全隐患[1,2]。此外,货车质量和体积较大,且较多应用于长途运输,运输过程中会经历包括高温、严寒、山区等多种复杂气候场景,这些都将对货车自动驾驶技术在车辆制动效能、能耗以及多场景应用等方面提出更有针对性规范的要求。本文针对货车的应用场景特点,为其自动驾驶技术应用标准化提出了建议。     

基于改进TOPSIS的城市客运综合交通枢纽评价

城市客运综合交通枢纽规划方案的优劣对城市综合交通系统的建设发展具有重大影响。为了提高城市客运综合交通枢纽规划方案评价的客观性和准确性,结合城市客运综合交通枢纽客流衔接换乘的系统分析,从多维角度出发构建了城市客运综合交通枢纽规划方案评价的多层次指标体系,在遵循方案评价基本原理及城市客运综合交通枢纽特点的基础上,提出了基于改进逼近理想点排序法的评价方法,用于城市客运综合交通枢纽方案的评价,建立城市客运综合交通枢纽综合评价模型。     

Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution

ABSTRACT

The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics.     

Online channel strategies under different offline channel power structures for the Belt and Road of China

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the online channel strategies adopted by Chinese manufacturers with regard to the Belt and Road. It also investigates the effect of offline channel power structures and maritime transportation costs on online channel mode selection and pricing strategies. The offline channel power structures are classified into three types, namely, Chinese manufacturer Stackelberg (MS) structure, vertical Nash (VN) structure, and foreign retailer Stackelberg (RS) structure. Furthermore, a game model is developed among the Chinese manufacturer, foreign retailer, and cross-border e-tailer to investigate the interactions among offline channel power structures, maritime transportation costs, and Chinese manufacturers’ online channel mode selection. The results show that Chinese manufacturers’ preferences for the online agency selling mode increases correspondingly with the decrease in their market position and bargaining power. Moreover, foreign retailers can obtain higher profits in the online agency selling mode under the VN structure. However, the level of profit for foreign retailers depends on the intensity of their competition with cross-border e-tailers under the MS and RS structures. Finally, consumers in countries along the Belt and Road can obtain a higher surplus in the online agency selling mode under all of the structures.     

大型铁路客运枢纽换乘服务研究

站在运输服务设计的角度,以增强旅客换乘出行体验为目的,提出“人、行李分离”的换乘服务理念,并基于该服务理念设计铁路客运枢纽内同站和异站换乘的方案。异站换乘方案设计时,提出铁路专用车的概念,打造一种全新的换乘模式,满足旅客换乘出行的多元化需求,吸引旅客主动换乘。最后,从心理和生理舒适性两个角度对换乘服务理念进行评价,结果表明“人、行李分离”服务创造了旅客换乘出行附加价值,提高了旅客的换乘出行体验感。