列车集便器污水处理设备研究

目前我国主要铁路干线上开行的提速旅客列车将逐步加装集便器。集便器污水属于高浓度有机污水,国内还没有成熟的处理工艺。通过对试验数据及试验效果的分析,提出了适合国内铁路集便器污水处理的工艺,其试验结论具有可实践性。     

A review of the effect of a/W ratio on fracture toughness (I) —experimental investigation in EPFM

1INTRODUCTION Crackopeningdisplacement(COD)andtheJ in tegralastwoimportantfracture characterizingparame tersinelastic plasticfracturemechanics,arealready welldevelopedandusedinindustrialapplications.However,deeplycrackedstandardlaboratory specimenwhichhasahighlevelofconstraintmaynot alwaysberepresentativeofthosefoundinstructural components.Structuralcomponentsoftenexhibitcom parativelyshallowandsurface breaking,andtheplas ticflowassociatedwiththemreachesthesurfaceofthe component.Inthisca…     

港口污水处理现状及建议

根据调查研结果,分别从生活污水、含油污水、化工废水、集装箱污水几个方面介绍分析了目前我国港口水污染及处理现状,并提出了建议.     

生物强化技术深度降解含高氯、高盐污水COD、NH_3-N的中试研究

国内某化学工业园污水厂主要处理氯碱厂高含氯、含盐污水和化肥厂氨氮污水。二沉池出水经过生物强化技术深度处理后,出水COD平均值为46.8 mg/L,NH_3-N为1.43 mg/L,出水可稳定控制在《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)一级排放标准内。该技术具有良好的可控性,耐冲击负荷能力强,处理效果好,运行稳定,与常规生物治理技术相结合,可使得该技术在废水处理中显示出独特的作用。     

A review of the effect of a／W ratio on fracture toughness （Ⅰ）—experimental investigation in EPFM

Many experimental investigations have previously been performed and recently done on different shipbuilding structural steels where the specimens size and crack depth/specimen width (a/W) were varied. A series of interesting results have been gained. It is worthwhile to have a review on the effect of a/W ratio on fracture toughness, and further theoretical analysis is necessary. In this paper, experimental work in elasticplastic fracture mechanics (EPFM) was discussed. Tests had been carried out on 10 kinds of strength steels. Results showed that J _i and δ₁ values increased with decreasing a/W when a/W<0.3 for three-point bend specimens and that shallow crack specimens which have less constrained flow field give markedly higher values of toughness than deeply notched specimens. However, for a/W>0.3, the toughness was found to be independent of a/W. Slip line field analysis shows that for shallow cracks, the hydrostatic stress is lower than that from standard deeply cracked bend specimen which develops a high level of crack tip constraint, provides a lower bound estimate of toughness, and will ensure an unduly conservative approach when applied to structure defects especially if initiation values of COD/J-integral are used.     

Brittle failure caused by lamellar splitting in a large-scale tubular joint with fatigue cracks

This paper reports a new incidence of brittle failure by lamellar splitting in a large-scale tubular X-joint and examines the possible causes of this failure. The X-joint, with multiple pre-existing fatigue cracks at the weld toe along the brace-to-chord intersection, experiences brittle failure during a monotonic in-plane bending test. Post-test sectioning of the material around the brace-to-chord intersection reveals lamellar splitting in the mid-thickness of the chord wall instead of rapid extensions of the fatigue cracks in the through-thickness direction. The lamellar splitting observed in this test differs from the conventional lamellar tearing both in its appearance and in its causes. The elongated nonmetallic inclusions concentrated at the mid-thickness, as revealed by the microscopic scanning, leads to delamination cracking near the mid-thickness and subsequently to the brittle failure of the joint. The material requirements in prevailing engineering codes do not suffice to prohibit the lamellar splitting failure observed in this study, which may cause catastrophic failures in engineering structures designed with insufficient redundancy.     

化学耗氧量无汞快速测定法的研究

在原标准回流滴定法的基础上提出了化学耗氧量（ＣＯＤ）无汞快速测定法，同时采用银—氨络合还原法对化学耗氧量测定废液中的银进行了回收。采用本方法将一次测定ＣＯＤ的时间由原来的３ｈ缩短至１ｈ，精密度实验的相对标准偏差在±４％之内，加标回收率达到９８％以上，可以满足环境监测规定的要求。     

填埋场快速稳定的功能菌筛选及复合菌系构建

为加速填埋场的稳定化进程,采用传统的微生物学方法,从环境中经反复筛选及多次传代培养得到性能稳定的功能菌.根据功能菌的功能,组合成不同的功能菌群,通过研究各组功能菌群产酶的能力和对填埋场稳定化指标的影响,构建了加速填埋场稳定化进程的复合菌系.结果表明:在性能稳定的功能菌中,含9株纤维素降解菌,8株渗滤液化学需氧量COD(chemical oxygen demand)降解菌,7株絮凝剂产生菌;由所有菌株共同组成的功能菌群Ⅶ#的产酶能力最强,引入填埋场可有效加速填埋垃圾的生物降解,促进填埋场稳定化,使填埋垃圾有机质生物降解率、胡敏酸的百分含量和沉降率较未添加功能菌群对照组分别高26.23%、9.18%和10.01%.     

锅炉汽包裂纹扩展分析与计算

针对锅炉汽包本身的缺陷和裂纹会在压力和温度载荷作用下扩展而导致汽包失效问题，依据《压力容器缺陷评定规范》：运用有限元方法计算出了某125MW锅炉在启动、运行和停机3种工况下汽包危险区域的应力分布及随时间变化的规律，采用CTOD方法计算了该处临界裂纹尺寸与年裂纹扩展量．     

SBR工艺在处理豆制品废水中的运用及改良

该文通过用SBR法处理豆制品废水的试验说明,对SBR时序的有效调整可以大大降低小试SBR出水的COD浓度。同时,混凝、絮凝沉淀及砂滤法等化学、物理方法对于去除SBR出水中的COD也是可行的。