浅海信道调频水声语音通信方法比较

水声语音通信在海洋工程、海洋科考、水下搜救等领域具有广泛应用。与单边带通信、数字编码调制通信相比,调频水声语音通信具有实现简单方便、抗幅度衰落性能好的特点,但浅海水声信道具有的复杂多径效应及噪声严重影响其获得的语音音质,容易出现语音含混、语义难辨等问题。本文通过浅海不同距离、不同多径信道下的海试实验比较了采用非线性解调法和正交解调法的调频语音通信性能,并通过客观语音质量评估PESQ(Perceptual evaluation of speech quality)方法对调频水声语音通信音质进行量化评估。     

浅析PCM快速成型技术

随着我国新能源电动汽车的快速发展,对电动汽车的性能要求也越来越高,其中电动汽车轻量化问题占据了首要位置,作为新能源电动汽车动力电池的上盖也成了主要减重目标。文章主要介绍PCM快速成型技术、产品成型工艺及设备需求,并通过对PCM快速成型技术的介绍、技术优势、原材料与设备需求情况进行浅析,简述技术的应用现状、技术发展必要性及优化改进的建议。     

轨道电路多音调频信号的数字解调方法

针对新型数字编码轨道电路传输的窄带多音调频信号,提出利用FIR高通数字滤波器进行多音调频信号数字解调的方法。FIR高通滤波器幅频响应曲线中过渡带局部具有近似线性的特点。对采样率为10 kHz,过渡带为800 Hz至3 800 Hz的10阶FIR高通滤波器幅频响应曲线过渡带局部进行线性拟合。利用其中具有高度线性特性的部分对轨道电路窄带多音调频信号进行幅频变换,从变换结果的幅度包络中得到调制信号信息。对调制信号进行频谱分析,得到原始的列车控制编码信号。仿真结果表明,高通FIR数字滤波器鉴频特性线性度高,所需FIR滤波器阶数少,实现方法简单,在0 dB信噪比、14 dB信干比环境下能够很好地恢复原始调制信号。     

Fracture mechanics analysis for mooring chain links subjected to out-of-plane bending (OPB)

A fracture mechanics (FM) based investigation on the mechanism of out-of-plane bending (OPB) between mooring chain links and its effects on fatigue lives of mooring chain links are conducted. Four types of OPB problems that mooring chain links laying on the chain wheel, chain links passing over the bending shoe, chain links constraint provided by the chain hawse, and chain links constraint provided by the chain stopper are considered. Tension ranges of mooring lines are calculated based on the combined loading process induced by the motions of wave frequency (WF) and low frequency (LF). Initial cracks are assumed to propagate from surfaces of chain links and stress intensity factors are calculated in terms of stress ranges determined by a finite element (FE) analysis. The results show that fatigue lives of mooring chain links are decreased significantly due to OPB effects. In addition, the increase of the number of pockets of chain wheel mitigates OPB effects on fatigue lives of mooring chain links laying on the chain wheel, and the increase of the track diameter would reduce OPB effects on fatigue lives of mooring chain links passing over the bending shoe as well. However, for chain links constraint provided by the chain hawse, the diameter of mooring chain hawse has no significant effect on fatigue lives of the mooring chain links subject to OPB if without the abrupt change of the contact conditions between chain links and chain hawse. For mooring links constraint provided by chain stoppers considering the effect of proof loading test, fatigue lives of mooring chain links would drop significantly with the increase of interlink angles and friction coefficient.     

PCM+“短接法”在站场埋地管道定位中的应用

为了实现站场内埋地管道的非开挖定位,借鉴长输管道定位技术,采用PCM+探索实现站内管道定位的方法。站场内管道错综复杂,用电设备干扰大,按照正常信号加载方式,电流信号在埋地管道和用电设备之间无序流动,无法实现目标管道准确定位。采用PCM+"短接法",用金属导线将发射机与待检埋地管道直接相连,不经过地网,而形成"发射机-导线-管道-导线-发射机"的封闭回路,接收机可准确探测到埋地管道的位置,现场试验效果良好,经开挖验证后发现误差小于100 mm。     

椭圆余弦波浅水变形实用计算法(Ⅱ)——对《海港水文规范》的一个补充

针对我国《海港水文规范》中基于线性波浪理论的浅水变形计算现状,本文的第Ⅰ部分提出了建立在椭圆余弦波理论基础上的浅水变形实用计算法(PCM),用于计算沿直线传播的波浪的浅水变形。在其基础上,考虑了海底地形变化引起的波浪折射影响,使得PCM方法能拓展用于缓变水域近岸浅水波要素的计算。最后给出一个算例,采用PCM方法分别计算了不同外界因素(理想情况、风、海底摩擦、风及海底摩擦)作用下的浅水变形结果,并与商业软件DHI-MIKE21的计算结果进行比较,结果比较吻合。     

某地下交通枢纽气体灭火系统方案比选研究

研究目的:城市轨道交通枢纽地下工程具有建筑面积大、功能齐全多样、需要设置气体保护的重要电器设备房间众多、投资大等特点。气体灭火系统作为其消防系统中不可缺少的子系统,本文从其灭火效果、对环境的影响、安全性、气瓶间的需求、投资和运营维护、灭火药剂输送距离等几个方面来研究IG 541和FM 200两种不同的系统在大型地下综合交通枢纽应用的可行性,供同行在以后的枢纽设计中参考。研究结论:通过工程实例进行IG 541(烟烙尽)和七氟丙烷(FM 200)两种系统的计算、分析、比较、总结,IG 541系统相对FM 200系统具有气瓶占地面积小、组合分配灵活、气体输送距离长、安全性高、灭火剂更环保、运营费用低等优点,IG 541系统充装压力大,系统设备的防误喷等安全措施是在系统选择时所必需考虑因素,对于有人经常活动的电器房间灭火剂的浓度选择要适度;两种系统都适用于枢纽工程,但也都存在气瓶间总的占地面积过大,系统分散等缺点,需要产品研发及工程设计人员不断创新完善。     

PCM检测技术在埋地钢制管道上的应用

英国雷迪公司生产的管道电流测绘仪已经在管道检测中得到了广泛应用,成为目前管道防腐层检测的主要工具。文中结合现场的实践经验,分别介绍了PCM在管道防腐层质量评定、绝缘接头性能测试、管道泄漏点定位、牺牲阳极查找等方面的应用。同时,根据现场经验,给出了PCM使用过程中的建议与注意事项,以便更好地发挥PCM在管道检测中的作用。     

PCM技术及其在兰成渝管道上的应用

长输管道腐蚀绝大部分为外部腐蚀，因此准确检测和评价外防腐层的状况，是保证管道安全运行的基础。文中介绍了用多频管中电流法（PCM）对防腐层进行检测的原理，结合兰成渝长输管线现场的应用，验证了该技术的准确性及科学性。同时，对其使用情况进行了总结，并展望PCM在应用中存在的不足之处。     

复杂悬跨条件下的管线涡激振动分析(英文)

Spans occur when a pipeline is laid on a rough undulating seabed or when upheaval buckling occurs due to constrained thermal expansion. This not only results in static and dynamic loads on the flowline at span sections, but also generates vortex induced vibration (VIV), which can lead to fatigue issues. The phenomenon, if not predicted and controlled properly, will negatively affect pipeline integrity, leading to expensive remediation and intervention work. Span analysis can be complicated by: long span lengths, a large number of spans caused by a rough seabed, and multi-span interactions. In addition, the complexity can be more onerous and challenging when soil uncertainty, concrete degradation and unknown residual lay tension are considered in the analysis. This paper describes the latest developments and a .state-of-the-art. finite element analysis program that has been developed to simulate the span response of a flowline under complex boundary and loading conditions. Both VIV and direct wave loading are captured in the analysis and the results are sequentially used for the ultimate limit state (ULS) check and fatigue life calculation.