Projected prevalence of car-sharing in four Asian-Pacific countries in 2030: What the experts think

This paper presents a “big-picture view” for policymakers and related stakeholders regarding the future development of car-sharing services. Car-sharing has the potential to significantly disrupt the personal mobility market. Thus, understanding their market penetration and implications is urgently needed. Previous studies in this domain have predominantly focused on the views, opinions, and preferences of consumers. In this study, we complement the current demand modelling research on car-sharing by applying an expert elicitation and aggregation technique that relies on transport experts’ opinions to investigate the role of car-sharing in the future. Specifically, based on the opinions of mobility suppliers, this research elicits experts’ judgment from across government, industry, and academia to gain insights into the future of car-sharing markets in four countries – Australia, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. The analysis reveals that, from a mobility supplier’s perspective, energy and vehicle prices will not have a statistically significant impact on the future adoption of car-sharing. The results also show that the more knowledgeable an expert is, the more pessimistic they are about the market penetration of car-sharing in 2016, and the more optimistic they are about the prevalence of car-sharing in 2030.     

Understanding time use: Daily or weekly data?

The appropriate duration of time diaries as a source of time use data is analyzed in a structured way. Nine detailed European surveys based on seven-days diaries are used in order to study different dimensions of data quality, duration and variability of activities, and modeling capabilities. Pseudo diaries of 1, 2 (one week, one weekend) and 3 (one week, both weekend) days are constructed to further analyze these issues, selecting the seven-days diaries data as a benchmark. Comparative results show that two and three-days weighted surveys seem to be an adequate surrogate for the information obtained in weekly surveys that capture a basic work–leisure cycle.     

铁路货运市场化定价机制探讨

为发挥价格政策对资源配置的引导和调节作用,以提高效益为目的,综合运用各种价格调节手段,构建合理的运价体系和结构,理顺不同环节间的价格关系,实现科学合理定价,在分析货运价格体系现状的基础上,提出市场化定价的基本原则和定价依据,从运作机制、定价关系、定价手段等方面对铁路货运市场化定价进行研究,制定实施符合铁路运输行业特征、...     

The determinants of long distance travel in Great Britain

This study analyses of the determinants of long distance travel in Great Britain using data from the 1995-2006 National Travel Surveys (NTSs). The main objective is to determine the effects of socio-economic, demographic and geographic factors on long distance travel. The estimated models express the distance travelled for long distance journeys as a function of income, gender, age, employment status, household characteristics, area of residence, size of municipality, type of residence and length of time living in the area. A time trend is also included to capture common changes in long distance travel over time not included in the explanatory variables. Separate models are estimated for total travel, travel by each of four modes (car, rail, coach and air), travel by five purposes (business, commuting, leisure, holiday and visiting friends and relatives (VFRs)) and two journey lengths (<150 miles and 150+ miles one way), as well as the 35 mode-purpose-distance combinations.The results show that long distance travel is strongly related to income: air is most income-elastic, followed by rail, car and finally coach. This is the case for most journey purposes and distance bands. Notable is the substantial difference in income elasticities for rail for business/commuting as opposed to holiday/leisure/VFR. In addition, the income elasticity for coach travel is very low, and zero for the majority of purpose-distance bands, suggesting coach travel to be an inferior mode in comparison to car, rail and air. Regarding journey distance, we find that longer distance journeys are more income elastic than shorter journeys.For total long distance travel, the study indicates that women travel less than men, the elderly less than younger people, the employed and students more than others, those in one adult households more than those in larger households and those in households with children less than those without. Long distance travel is also lowest for individuals living in London and greatest for those in the South West, and increases as the size of the municipality declines.     

对现行工程勘察规范中有关条款的理解和探讨

岩土工程勘察的目的是为设计、施工提供地质勘察成果及各项岩土工程参数,其成果质量将直接影响建设项目的工程安全和工程造价.目前国内在岩土工程勘察专业方面的规范种类很多,而国家标准和行业标准就某些问题的表达不一致.给使用规范的技术人员带来了困惑,不知如何应对.因此作者根据自己对规范的理解和工作经验,就有关问题提出了一些看法,供同行参考.     

大连新建地铁对公交出行选择的影响

为了分析城市新建地铁项目对居民公共交通出行的影响,改善公交服务水平,提高公共交 通的分担率,针对大连市新建地铁线路展开研究。以大连市地铁1 号线沿线站点作为研究区域, 采用SP （Stated Preference） 调查方法,收集了300 名地铁沿线居民对常规公交以及新建地铁两种 出行方式的选择数据。通过建立二项Logit 模型,分析出行成本、换乘时间等选择方案特性变 量,出行特性变量以及出行者特性变量对于居民出行方式选择行为的影响,并计算弹性值及模型 精度。结果表明,通过调整出行成本及换乘时间可有效提高地铁分担率。由此提出相关政策建 议：对于出行成本,可从出行者年龄及出行次数两方面制定不同的优惠政策;对于换乘时间,可 从提高可达性、完善购票系统以及调整发班频率三方面进行改善。     

如何在信息化条件下改进勘察设计单位的档案管理

随着企业计算机网络的建成和生产过程中计算机技术的广泛应用,信息化进程不断加快,勘察设计单位档案管理工作也必将由劳动密集型转为以现代化网络系统支持的知识密集型工作,这就要求改进勘察设计档案管理工作,要高度重视档案工作的重要性,认识到档案资料的利用价值;要健全档案工作管理机制,保证档案材料的完整收集;要加强计算机的运用,推进勘察设计档案的信息化管理;要提高档案管理人员的综合素质.     

浅论勘察设计工程项目照片档案管理

照片档案是勘察设计企业档案管理的一个重要组成部分,文章针对目前交通勘察设计企业的照片档案管理现状,依据勘察设计工程项目自身的特点,阐述应如何科学地管理照片档案,并提出了对策与措施。     

加强高速公路勘察设计的监督管理

文章结合隆林-百色高速公路工程实践,针对当前高速公路勘察设计存在的问题,提出业主在勘察设计工作的监督管理上应采取的做法和措施,为类似工程提供借鉴。     

Extent and correlates of walking in the USA

This paper examines data about walking trips in the US Department of Transportation’s 2001 National Household Travel Survey. The paper describes and critiques the methods used in the survey to collect data on walking. Using these data, we summarize the extent of walking, the duration and distance of walk trips, and variations in walking behavior according to geographic and socio-demographic factors. The results show that most Americans do not walk at all, but those who do average close to thirty minutes of walking a day. Walk trips averaged about a half-mile, but the median trip distance was a quarter of a mile. A significant percentage of the time Americans’ walk was spent traveling to and from transit trips. Binary logit models are used for examining utility and recreational walk trips and show a positive relationship between walking and population density for both. For recreational trips, this effect shows up at the extreme low and high ends of density. For utility trips, the odds of reporting a walk trip increase with each density category, but the effect is most pronounced at the highest density categories. At the highest densities, a large portion of the effect of density occurs via the intermediary of car ownership. Educational attainment has a strong effect on propensity to take walk trips, for both for utility and recreation. Higher income was associated with fewer utility walk trips but more recreational trips. Asians, Latinos, and blacks were less likely to take utility walk trips than whites, after controlling for income, education, density, and car ownership. The ethnic differences in walking are even larger for recreational trips.