Experiment of boundedly rational route choice behavior and the model under satisficing rule

In this paper, we study the boundedly rational route choice behavior under the Simon’s satisficing rule. A laboratory experiment was carried out to verify the participants’ boundedly rational route choice behavior. By introducing the concept of aspiration level which is specific to each person, we develop a novel model of the problem in a parallel-link network and investigate the properties of the boundedly rational user equilibrium (BRUE) state. Conditions for ensuring the existence and uniqueness of the BRUE solution are derived. A solution method is proposed to find the unique BRUE state. Extensions to general networks are conducted. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the theoretical analyses.     

经验过程的一般加权大数定律

研究了经验过程中加权系数具有某些较弱性质的加权和收敛问题.利用经验过程中已有的几个概率不等式与一般加权和的对称化不等式,得到了经验过程中的独立同分布随机元序列的这类加权和的强、弱大数定律成立的充分条件(E‖f(X0)‖1/αG<∞).同时,对经验过程中的Cesaro大数定律和欧拉弱大数定律进行了推广.     

Boundedly rational user equilibria (BRUE): Mathematical formulation and solution sets

Boundedly rational user equilibria (BRUE) represent traffic flow distribution patterns where travellers can take any route whose travel cost is within an ‘indifference band’ of the shortest path cost. Those traffic flow patterns satisfying the above condition constitute a set, named the BRUE solution set. It is important to obtain all the BRUE flow patterns, because it can help predict the variation of the link flow pattern in a traffic network under the boundedly rational behavior assumption. However, the methodology of constructing the BRUE set has been lacking in the established literature. This paper fills the gap by constructing the BRUE solution set on traffic networks with fixed demands. After defining ε-BRUE, where ε is the indifference band for the perceived travel cost, we formulate the ε-BRUE problem as a nonlinear complementarity problem (NCP), so that a BRUE solution can be obtained by solving a BRUE–NCP formulation. To obtain the BRUE solution set encompassing all BRUE flow patterns, we propose a methodology of generating acceptable path set which may be utilized under the boundedly rational behavior assumption. We show that with the increase of the indifference band, the acceptable path set that contains boundedly rational equilibrium flows will be augmented, and the critical values of indifference band to augment these path sets can be identified by solving a family of mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) sequentially. The BRUE solution set can then be obtained by assigning all traffic demands to the acceptable path set. Various numerical examples are given to illustrate our findings.     

Incorporating Driver Behaviors in Network Design Problems: Challenges and Opportunities

The goal of a network design problem (NDP) is to make optimal decisions to achieve a certain objective such as minimizing total travel time or maximizing tolls collected in the network. A critical component to NDP is how travelers make their route choices. Researchers in transportation have adopted human decision theories to describe more accurate route choice behaviors. In this paper, we review the NDP with various route choice models: the random utility model (RUM), random regret-minimization (RRM) model, bounded rationality (BR), cumulative prospect theory (CPT), the fuzzy logic model (FLM) and dynamic learning models. Moreover, we identify challenges in applying behavioral route choice models to NDP and opportunities for future research.     

技术与交往的媒介关联及其生态学意义

技术是推动人类交往进步的重要动力。任何新型媒介的出现,都是人类技术选择的结果。在技术浪潮推动下,媒介正在成为不断提升人类传播力、延伸人类交往方式的重要工具。在对前技术环境的改造过程中,人类理性发挥了重要作用,决定了媒介演化的人性化方向,体现着技术价值的最优化规律。因而,在新的传播生态环境的形成过程中,技术具有突出的建构意义,也正在使绿色互联、全球化交往等大生态观念成为重要的人类共识。     

经评审的最低投标价确定方法研究

“经评审的最低投标价”法是我国法律法规规定的评标办法之一,为使该方法具有可操作性,此文详细论述了确定经评审的最低投标价时控制价的确定方法、价格合理性评审的方法以及非价格因素评审的方法,并给出了非价格因素转化成价格的计算方法,提出了保障经评审的最低投标价法实施的措施。     

不确定性时滞系统时滞相关鲁棒镇定

讨论了具有状态时滞的数值界不确定性线性系统的时滞相关鲁棒控制问题.将矩阵分解的思想应用于线性时滞系统的控制综合,利用Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函方法,通过牛顿-莱布尼茨各项相互关系引入"0"阵,得到了系统的一种新的经过状态反馈控制后可鲁棒镇定的、基于LMI的、保守性较低的时滞相关条件.该方法既不需要对原系统进行模型变换,也不需要对交叉项进行界定.用算例说明了该方法的有效性.     

考虑出行者不同理性程度的拥堵交通流分配方法

为研究出行者感知偏好对交通分配结果的影响,本文构建了微观路径选择模型,提出拥堵条件下受路段通行能力限制的交通分配算法。引入出行者决策过程中的后悔和无差别化阈值,考虑出行时间和排队时间的心理感知差异,构建不同理性程度下的路径选择概率模型。在集计水平上,考虑当前路段及其上下游路段通行能力限制、路段车辆空间排队和溢出,提出路段车流量流入、流出的修正方法。采用增量加载分配方法,研究路段车辆的消散特性,再现了从个体路径决策到宏观路网状态的演化过程。基于Nguyen-Dupuis仿真网络,比较不同算法下各路段的拥堵车辆和各路段车辆流入、流出情况。结果表明：出行者个人偏好感知会显著影响拥堵路段的成本函数,是出行者路径选择的关键因素,但是出行者个人偏好对非拥堵路段的车辆流入、流出影响较小;考虑个体偏好的交通分配方法能降低路网的平均饱和度。本文提出的考虑有限理性的拥堵交通分配方法可应用于拥堵路网的交通诱导,有利于促进道路资源的合理利用。     

钢结构吊索拱桥的施工监控

为保证桥梁结构运营的安全性、可靠性,实施桥梁施工全过程监控,已成为大型桥梁建设中不可或缺的重要部分。以通泰大桥为例,对整个施工监控过程加以分析,可以确定其施工方案的合理性,为类似结构体系的施工监控提供成功的范例。     

南海神庙国家祭祀的缘起与肇始

中国历代王朝非常重视民众的信仰问题,将王朝权力秩序构建贯穿于民众精神、灵魂的控制．海神祭祀,正是中国封建王朝经由干预涉海民众精神信仰,经略海洋边疆,确立王朝政权合法性信仰,建构王权统治合法性基础,彰显皇家权威,进而维护以皇权为核心的政治统治秩序的整肃政治仪式．