Impacts of motor vehicle operation on water quality in the US – Cleanup costs and policies

This paper investigates the costs of controlling some of the environmental impacts of motor vehicle transportation on groundwater and on surface waters. We estimate that annualized costs of cleaning-up leaking underground storage tanks range from $0.8 billion to $2.1 billion per year over 10 years. Annualized costs of controlling highway runoff from principal arterials in the US are much larger: they range from $2.9 billion to $15.6 billion per year over 20 years (1.6–8.3% of annualized highway transportation expenditures). Some causes of non-point source pollution were unintentionally created by regulations or could be addressed by simple design changes of motor vehicles. A review of applicable measures suggests that effective policies should combine economic incentives, information campaigns, and enforcement, coupled with preventive environmental measures. In general, preventing water pollution from motor vehicles would be much cheaper than cleaning it up.     

南京地铁2号线列车车门故障解析

通过对南京地铁2号线列车客室车门关门阻力大、关闭不到位、锁闭不可靠等故障的分析,发现这些故障与客室车门的结构、零部件的材料和质量有关,并提出了解决措施。     

技术状态管理在轨道交通车辆全生命周期中的应用

针对轨道交通车辆技术状态管理的功能、过程、应用情况及存在的问题,从所涉及的内容和方法上进行了分析研究,并结合实际情况提出了技术状态管理在轨道交通车辆全生命周期中的应用方案。研究结果可为轨道交通车辆全生命周期技术状态管理的推广实施提供参考。     

轮胎气压检测系统在客车中的应用

介绍轮胎气压检测系统的结构及工作原理,以及轮胎在客车使用中的相关问题。     

大型会展中心交通组织设计研究

对城市大型会展中心进行合理交通组织设计,尽可能减少大型会展中心对周围道路的交通压力,以提高会展中心内外的通畅水平,同时减少城市交通的压力。文章从大型会展中心本身的交通需求特点出发,给出了大型会展中心的交通发生吸引量预测模型,并在此基础上给出了大型会展中心这类建筑的交通组织设计方法及流程,并以成都市"世纪城"新国际会展中心为实例,对其进行交通组织设计,给出切实可行的方案。     

水上交通安全宏观分析

分析了水上交通安全和宏观因素的关系,指出了进行水上交通安全宏观定量分析的可行性和存在的问题,结合目前宏观水上交通安全分析和评价的研究现状,提出了可行的研究方向。     

铁路专用线视频监控系统的研究

介绍一种与车号识别相结合的视频监控系统,描述系统构成和功能.     

Roll- and pitch-plane-coupled hydro-pneumatic suspension. Part 2: dynamic response analyses

In the first part of this study, the potential performance benefits of fluidically coupled passive suspensions were demonstrated through analyses of suspension properties, design flexibility and feasibility. In this second part of the study, the dynamic responses of a vehicle equipped with different configurations of fluidically coupled hydro-pneumatic suspension systems are investigated for more comprehensive assessments of the coupled suspension concepts. A generalised 14 degree-of-freedom nonlinear vehicle model is developed and validated to evaluate vehicle ride and handling dynamic responses and suspension anti-roll and anti-pitch characteristics under various road excitations and steering/braking manoeuvres. The dynamic responses of the vehicle model with the coupled suspension are compared with those of the unconnected suspensions to demonstrate the performance potential of the fluidic couplings. The dynamic responses together with the suspension properties suggest that the full-vehicle-coupled hydro-pneumatic suspension could offer considerable potential in realising enhanced ride and handling performance, as well as improved anti-roll and anti-pitch properties in a very flexible and energy-saving manner.     

Multivariable speed synchronisation for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle drivetrain

In this article, a new drivetrain configuration of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle is considered and a novel model-based control design strategy is given. In particular, the control design covers the speed synchronisation task during a restart of the internal combustion engine. The proposed multivariable synchronisation strategy is based on feedforward and decoupled feedback controllers. The performance and the robustness properties of the closed-loop system are illustrated by nonlinear simulation results.     

Investigating the influence of soil properties on railway traffic vibration using a numerical model

This paper presents the influence of dynamic and geometrical soil parameters on the propagation of ground vibrations induced by external loads. The proposed approach is based on a three-dimensional model, focusing on realistic excitation sources like impulse loads and moving railway vehicles. For the latter, a complete vehicle/track model is developed. The simulation is performed in time domain, offering an interesting approach, compared with classic cyclic analyses. The ground is modelled initially as an elastic homogeneous half-space and additionally as a layered half-space. First, the effect of homogeneous soil properties on ground vibration is analysed. Soil stratification is then taken into account, using various configurations. Analysis reveals that as receiver distance increases ground wave reflection in a layered ground plays an important role in the reduction of ground surface motion. This effect is magnified when the phase velocity wavelength becomes large compared with the depth of the surface layer.