城市轨道交通B型电动客车用户需求书规范化编制

介绍了研究B型电动客车用户需求书规范化的目的、主要内容以及关键技术内容的编制。该用户需求书可以满足我国不同城市对城市轨道交通B型电动客车的招标采购的要求。用户需求书中所列入的各项技术指标均达到国内B型电动客车的先进水平,适用于国内城市轨道交通B型电动客车最高运行速度范围为80~100km／h的招标采购,也可供最高运行速度大于100km／h的B型电动客车招标采购时参考。建议各业主单位在使用该范本时,根据各城市的实际情况、可行性研究报告、初步设计文件等需求进行必要的调整。     

Ontologies for transportation research: A survey

Transportation research relies heavily on a variety of data. From sensors to surveys, data supports day-to-day operations as well as long-term planning and decision-making. The challenges that arise due to the volume and variety of data that are found in transportation research can be effectively addressed by ontologies. This opportunity has already been recognized – there are a number of existing transportation ontologies, however the relationship between them is unclear. The goal of this work is to provide an overview of the opportunities for ontologies in transportation research and operation, and to present a survey of existing transportation ontologies to serve two purposes: (1) to provide a resource for the transportation research community to aid in understanding (and potentially selecting between) existing transportation ontologies; and (2) to identify future work for the development of transportation ontologies, by identifying areas that may be lacking.     

The load-dependent vehicle routing problem and its pick-up and delivery extension

The present paper examines a Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) of major practical importance which is referred to as the Load-Dependent VRP (LDVRP). LDVRP is applicable for transportation activities where the weight of the transported cargo accounts for a significant part of the vehicle gross weight. Contrary to the basic VRP which calls for the minimization of the distance travelled, the LDVRP objective is aimed at minimizing the total product of the distance travelled and the gross weight carried along this distance. Thus, it is capable of producing sensible routing plans which take into account the variation of the cargo weight along the vehicle trips. The LDVRP objective is closely related to the total energy requirements of the vehicle fleet, making it a credible alternative when the environmental aspects of transportation activities are examined and optimized. A novel LDVRP extension which considers simultaneous pick-up and delivery service is introduced, formulated and solved for the first time. To deal with large-scale instances of the examined problems, we propose a local-search algorithm. Towards an efficient implementation, the local-search algorithm employs a computational scheme which calculates the complex weighted-distance objective changes in constant time. Solution results are presented for both problems on a variety of well-known test cases demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed solution approach. The structure of the obtained LDVRP and VRP solutions is compared in pursuit of interesting conclusions on the relative suitability of the two routing models, when the decision maker must deal with the weighted distance objective. In addition, results of a branch-and-cut procedure for small-scale instances of the LDVRP with simultaneous pick-ups and deliveries are reported. Finally, extensive computational experiments have been performed to explore the managerial implications of three key problem characteristics, namely the deviation of customer demands, the cargo to tare weight ratio, as well as the size of the available vehicle fleet.     

路基工程质量问题的成因及处治措施

路基是公路的重要组成部分,是按照路线位置和一定技术要求修筑的带状构造物,承受由路面传来的荷载,应具有足够的强度、稳定性和耐久性。路基的强度与稳定性,受水、温度、土质等客观因素影响,同时也受行车荷载的作用,路基设计、施工方法及养护方法是否正确也制约着路基的质量。     

造船生产技术准备管理系统的需求及架构研究

目前造船企业生产技术准备工作中各部门信息不畅通,响应决策迟缓,流程混乱,导致管理混乱,产品建造周期延长。针对这种情况,结合两化融合的背景,研究构建了造船生产技术准备管理系统,为生产技术准备工作提供了新方法,通过对生产技术准备工作内容及流程的优化总结,并运用UML建模语言对系统进行了需求分析,通过对需求的相似性重组,设计了系统的架构,为今后系统的开发提供了框架。     

基于本体框架的海军装备保障计划数据模型构建

为满足海军装备保障计划在保障单元间高效交流共享及自动化操作处理的要求,文章建立海军装备保障计划本体框架,对行动功能关联进行形式化表达,构建行动功能关联数据模型,形式化的阐述资源、能力以及它们之间的关联,扩展海军装备保障资源概念并构建资源数据模型。案例表达表明：行动功能关联和资源数据模型能够很好地表述装备保障行动序列、资源和能力。     

船上实施听力保护的技术要求及应用

船舶噪声对船员的听力损伤是众所周知的,甚至发生部分船员的永久性听力损失。国际海事组织第91届海安会通过了新的《船上噪声等级规则》,围绕实施噪声规则,分析了听力保护的技术要求和正确选用听力保护器的技术依据,探讨了佩戴听力保护器对语言交流和感受听觉信号造成的影响。强调必须开展听力损伤的风险评估,并对识别听力损伤的特殊风险因素提出了建议。     

ECDIS强制配备的港口国监督

文中依据国际公约的有关要求和PSC检查实务,详细阐述了ECDIS的港口国监督检查流程及相应的缺陷处理建议。     

基于岗位要求的高职《汽车保险与理赔》课程信息化教学改革研究与实践

文章基于汽车保险行业岗位要求,根据《汽车保险与理赔》课程特点和教学中存在的问题进行信息化教学改革,培养学生保险销售能力、承保核保能力以及查勘定损实际处理能力。此次改革增强了学生自主学习意识,提高了学习兴趣,实现以“学生为主,教师为辅”的教学模式,提升教学效果。     

长篇小说文体的意识形态性与本体性探索

新世纪以来,随着作家问题意识的觉醒,长篇小说文体实验和文体形态异彩纷呈,文体创新成为长篇小说评价的重要标准。《新世纪长篇小说文体研究》对长篇小说文体意识形态性与本体性特征进行了有益的探索,认为长篇小说文体的本质是"人造物",向内转是新世纪长篇小说文体的本体性探索。