船舶在港时间及其管理与控制

船舶在港时间有较强的可压缩性，协调好船方、货主、码头作业和相关部门及单位的工作，是提高船舶在港作业效率，节省船舶在港时间的重要途径．     

Monitoring Aircraft Turnaround Operations – Framework Development,Application and Implications for Airline Operations

Abstract

A real-time operation monitoring system – Aircraft Turnaround Monitoring System – is developed based on a system framework to monitor aircraft turnaround operations at an airport. Mobile computing devices (PDAs) and wireless network technology General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) are used to implement the real-time monitoring system for an airline. System implementation and test results indicate that real-time operation monitoring can potentially reduce delays occurring from airline operations. Proactive measures can be taken immediately by ground handling staff to reduce delays, once the risk of delays and potential delay propagation is identified. The availability of detailed operating data can help airlines identify the root delay causes from complex connections among aircraft, flight/cabin crew and passengers. In addition, these operating data also shed some light on the future development of aircraft routing algorithms in order to consider explicitly stochastic disruptions and delay propagation in airline schedule planning.     

考虑物流服务水平的物流配送规划多目标模型

为了提高顾客对物流服务的满意度,以最小化物流系统总费用和最大化物流服务水平为优化目标,考虑配送中心现有货物周转能力和产品配送时间对物流服务水平的影响,构建了三级供应链模式下物流配送规划的多目标优化模型.针对多目标优化问题不存在单一最优解的特点,利用预先设定的偏好区域和随机生成的权向量构造了适应度函数,提出了基于偏好的多目标进化算法求解模型.算例结果表明:通过求解多目标优化模型,得到10组非劣解,即10种物流配送方案均处于决策者的主观偏好范围内;各方案的物流系统总费用与服务水平成反比关系.      

南京枢纽新建南京北动车所的必要性及整体布局方案研究

针对国内在新建高速铁路枢纽内,动车组配属及承担动车段(所)动车组检修工作量、检修设施规模的测算结果中表现出的不统一、不协调及不匹配等问题,本文以新建南京枢纽南京北动车所工程项目为依托,研究确定枢纽内动车组配属规模设计、承担动车段(所)动车组检修工作量及检修设施规模测算理论,提出了以全周转时间及日车公里法为指标的2种枢纽...     

A transit ridership‐revenue model

The paper outlines the theoretical underpinnings of an urban mass transit revenue and ridership model designed to provide medium term forecasts of future trends in situations of data sparsity. The specific example laid out in the paper relates to the Greater Vancouver Regional District but the framework is of general applicability. Much of the informational input at the initial stage is of a general kind and details of the specific transit system and local area are of the sort which should be readily available to most urban authorities. The model developed is designed for use on a desk‐top micro‐computer and offers an inter‐active method of forecasting. The operator has the facility to both consider fare policy sensitivity and review alternative scenarios about future trends in exogenous factors. A selection of forecasts developed for the GVRD is provided to reveal the main features of the approach.     

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重载铁路集疏运调度系统车流组织优化问题涉及到空车与重车的协同优化,只有将二者结合才能够制定完整的车流组织方案.论文首先通过分析系统空重车流组织特征,以车辆周转时间最小为目标,建立基于企业需求与铁路供给的车流综合优化模型.其次以目标函数为抗体,约束条件为抗原,构建基于信息熵的亲和度表示方式,利用免疫克隆算法求解集疏运系统车流组织方案.在求解的过程中,利用免疫克隆算子实现繁殖,通过抗体浓度对种群规模进行控制,防止早熟收敛.最后仿真结果表明,与遗传算法和粒子群算法相比,本文算法的平均搜索时间减少了25%、49%.     

基于运行线可调的动车组周转计划优化研究

针对高速铁路动车组周转计划的优化问题,在列车运行图可作微调的前提下,用时间窗描述运行线的可行平移范围,构建接续网络,刻画运行线间的接续关系,考虑接续弧互斥约束和动车组交路平移累加约束,以可行动车组交路为决策变量建立求解问题的优化模型,并设计基于改进广义标号法的分枝定价算法求解。实例验证表明,通过对运行图进行微调,可以在一定程度上减少需要的动车组数量,从而达到动车组运用优化与运行图优化编制的相互协调。     

城市道路快速化改造中的掉头设计策略及案例

城市道路快速化改造中经常会将一些小型红绿灯路口改为右进右出路口,沿线居民的刚性交通需求则需采用掉头形式进行绕行,因此掉头口设置比较重要。可以利用前后红绿灯进行掉头,也可以在路段中设置掉头口,有条件的也可以设置路段中的空中掉头车道。通过研究路段中间设置掉头口的相关情况,提出了掉头设计策略,给出了相关案例分析,希望对解决城市道路快速化改造中的车辆掉头问题提供一些有益的参考。     

Emissions from auxiliary power units and ground power units during intraday aircraft turnarounds at European airports

It is widely known that emissions from aircraft engines, Auxiliary Power Units (APU) and ground handling equipment contribute to air pollution at airports. During the aircraft turnaround process, the main source of emissions is the APU. The use of the APU can be significantly reduced if the aircraft stand is equipped to supply external electrical power and pre-conditioned air to the cabin. This paper analyses the actual duration of APU and external power usage during intraday aircraft turnarounds at 125 airports during June 2015. The data is derived from flight data recording units of more than 200 short-haul, narrow-body jet aircraft, conducting some 25,195 aircraft turnarounds and thus provides the most detailed assessment of aircraft power usage available. A common practice is for the APU to be running for a short period on arrival at the stand (arrival-cycle) and then again for a short period prior to departure (departure-cycle). It is identified in this study that departure-cycle emissions are three times greater than arrival-cycle emissions. These emissions could be reduced if more accurate forecasts of departure times are available to flight crew. The provision of external ground power is found to reduce emissions by up to 47.6%. However, the study also highlights that when the source of external power is a diesel-fuelled mobile Ground Power Unit (GPU), there is a net doubling in emissions of hydrocarbons. APU usage is also observed to vary with outside air temperature (OAT) leading to possible increases in emissions of up to 6%.