An Assessment of Coastal Development and Land Use Change Using the DPSIR Framework: Case Studies from the Eastern Cape,South Africa

Coastal areas are experiencing high levels of development, largely driven by a number of aesthetic and recreational factors, increased mobility, availability of disposable income for middle and upper income groups and the promise of job opportunities and improved economic well-being for lower income groups. As existing coastal urban nodes expand development “shifts” to less developed areas and places increasing pressure on the surrounding natural environment. This article considers the coastal zone of two municipalities in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, with similar environmental characteristics but disparate socioeconomic and governance histories. It identifies and integrates the drivers of development and land use change in the coastal zone of these municipalities by means of an adapted Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) Framework. Development and land use change are driven by a combination of social, economic, and legislative factors that need to be considered for future management and planning in this unique dynamic system.     

An Assessment of Integrated Coastal Management Governance and Implementation Using the DPSIR Framework: KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa

Coastal areas are under increasing pressure driven by demands for coastal space, primarily though population growth, in migration and the need for space for socioeconomic activities. The pressures and associated changes to the coastal environment need to be managed to ensure long-term sustainability. South Africa has enacted an Integrated Coastal Management Act (ICM Act) to facilitate dedicated management of its coastal environment. The implementation has been met with a number of challenges, primarily relating to financial and human capacity constraints, particularly at the local government level. Given that the ICM Act devolves powers to local government, it is imperative that implementation challenges be addressed. This paper focuses on KwaZulu-Natal, one of four South African coastal regions, which is a renowned tourist destination and home to 11.1 million people (Statistics South Africa 2015 Statistics South Africa. 2015. Mid-Year Population Estimates. Statistical release P0302. Pretoria, South Africa: Statistics South Africa. [Google Scholar]). This paper considers the state of coastal management, as well as implementation challenges being experienced at a local governance level, and highlights ways to address these. Data were acquired through questionnaire surveys and semistructured interviews. The Drivers-Pressures-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework was used to identify relevant ICM issues and concerns and develop potential actions for improving the implementation of coastal management activities and the ICM Act. In the assessment of the ICM governance and implementation to date, a key concern identified was a general lack of coastal management knowledge among officials. It was specifically identified that knowledgeable management and capacity-building required championing from the provincial government in order to more efficiently and effectively implement the objectives of the ICM Act through an improved understanding of the coastal environment, its functioning and management.     

基于DPSIR模型的船撞桥风险评价指标体系

为了客观、科学地评价船撞桥的风险程度,保障船舶穿越桥区和通航桥梁的安全,从分析危险源与船撞桥事故关系出发,提出人、船、桥、环境、管理等5类船撞桥危险源;在遵循"代表性与针对性、指标定量与定性综合、全面性与独立性、科学性与可操作性"等指标筛选原则的基础上,结合DPSIR模型中各指标间的制约关系,从驱动力、压力、状态、影响、响应等5方面筛选出12个评价指标,建立船撞桥风险评价指标体系,并对其进行风险评价,进而为跨江河或海湾海峡等通航桥梁的风险评价和风险控制提供理论依据。     

基于DPSIR与物元分析的城市轨道交通PPP项目绩效评价

为解决当前我国PPP项目落地率较低、绩效考核缺乏实操性的问题,从系统性角度考察当前城市轨道交通PPP项目的整体运作状态,将DPSIR系统分析的思想引入指标体系的建构中,从驱动力（D）、压力（P）、状态（S）、影响（I）和响应（R）5个层面对指标进行筛选和分类,建立系统化的绩效评价指标体系。采用C-OWA算子确定指标权重,并通过问卷调查和数据统计分析法对指标进行分级量化,结合物元分析法建立绩效评估模型。应用建立的评估模型对北京地铁4号线进行评价,验证该模型的科学实用性,得到4号线绩效评价结果为良好,项目驱动力（D）、状态（S）指标绩效较好,影响（I）指标有待提高。     

基于DPSIR模型的经济圈交通网络评价指标体系

为表征经济圈交通网络与经济社会发展之间的关系,运用DPSIR分析模型,从驱动力—压力—状态—影响—响应5个方面分析构建经济圈交通网络评价指标体系.新构建的经济圈交通网络评价指标体系由3个准则层、20个指标构成.经济圈交通网络评价指标体系的建立对于客观评价经济圈交通网络的发展状态,制定科学的经济圈交通发展规划具有重要的意...