Hysteretic damping model for laterally loaded piles

Fatigue assessment is a critical design aspect for many offshore structures. Soil-foundation interaction has a direct impact on the system dynamic response of these structures. While the stiffness of the soil-foundation interaction influences the system's natural frequency, the damping influences the amplification of the structural response to environmental excitations. This paper presents a simplified model for estimating the soil damping due to nonlinear soil response for pile foundations, which have wide applications in the offshore industry, such as for supporting jacket platforms, wind turbines and wellhead facilities. The proposed model is fundamentally linked to the damping response of the soil measured at element level therefore it offers design engineers an efficient and accurate way to estimate soil-pile interaction damping based on site-specific soil data. Approaches to include the suggested model for structural analysis are also proposed.     

Strain estimation for offshore wind turbines with jacket substructures using dual-band modal expansion

Structural fatigue is a design driver for offshore wind turbines (OWT). In particular, the substructures, like jackets, are strongly affected by fatigue. Monitoring the fatigue progression in the welds is vital for the maintenance and a potential lifetime extension. However, inspections of critical locations are costly due to the limited accessibility of the mostly submerged jacket. Considering the high number of potentially critical welds, it is regarded as economically unfeasible to equip all fatigue hot spots with sensors. Thus, an indirect method to monitor the fatigue progress of the structure and point out critical locations is desirable. For a consistent support of ongoing maintenance, it has to yield reliable results for varying operational and environmental conditions. This paper applies a virtual sensing approach to jacket substructures. From a small set of sensors on the tower, fatigue at every desired location of the jacket is estimated using dual-band modal expansion. Simulations using the OC4 jacket design are performed to show potentials and limitations of the method. Namely fatigue progress on leg welds of K-joints is predicted with high accuracy over a wide range of load cases. However, some difficulties in fatigue prediction of X-joints due to the occurrence of local modes and limitations in the extrapolation of wave loading have to be resolved in future work.     

ROV在导管架检查中的应用与安全管理

海上石油平台安装后,需要定期对导管架水下检查,以确保人员和生命财产安全。ROV遥控潜水器类似于一种＂带缆的水下机器人＂。在超过空气潜水范围的水深处检查具有明显的安全、效率、成本优势。介绍了ROV的功能和优势,介绍了固定式平台之钢质导管架式平台特点。以某导管架为案例,详细介绍了ROV的操作步骤。并介绍了ROV作业中的风险...     

基于四面体单元的体素法计算导管架浮心及浮力

导管架的浮心浮力计算可以归结于圆柱体与水平面的求交计算。但是圆柱体连接节点与水平面的求交计算很难使用解析方法。本文提出将导管架模型分解为四面体单元,分析每个四面体单元与水平面的相对关系,从而计算得到其浮力和浮心,最终汇总得到整个导管架的浮力浮心。     

Passive control of jacket–type offshore wind turbine vibrations by single and multiple tuned mass dampers

Vibration control is gaining focuses in the field of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) in recent years as the turbine tower becomes taller and more slender. Although a number of research works have been carried out to control the OWT vibrations, using tuned mass damper (TMD) and multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMDs) to control the jacket–type OWT vibrations is rarely reported, especially for the MTMDs, of which the application in the field of OWTs is still in the initial stage. This study focuses on the performance of TMD and MTMDs in controlling the tower vibrations of the jacket–type OWT subjected to the combined wind, wave and current loads, which are the most common external vibration resources for OWTs. The control effectiveness is numerically investigated and evaluated by the reductions of the standard deviation displacement (σ(d)) and the standard deviation acceleration (σ(a)) of the tower top. After the installation of TMD, σ(d) and σ(a) are reduced by 32% and 29% respectively. Larger TMD mass ratios lead to better control effectiveness, but the improvement becomes less obvious as the mass ratios constantly increase. The control effectiveness of the MTMD system is slightly decreased compared with a single large TMD. However, the robustness of MTMDs is superior since the OWT vibrations can still be controlled effectively even if some TMDs do not function. The control effectiveness of the MTMD system can also be affected by the change in the positions of malfunctioned TMDs.     

平潭海峡公铁两用大桥航道桥基础设计与施工创新技术

平潭海峡公铁两用大桥为国内第一座跨海峡公铁两用大桥,桥址海域风大、浪高、水深、流急、潮汐显著,且岩面倾斜起伏大、裸岩硬岩分布广,气象水文及地质条件均十分复杂,尤其是桥址海域波流力巨大,为桥梁下部结构设计和施工带来前所未有的困难。为解决风浪作用和通航船撞力作用,3座大跨度通航孔斜拉桥在基础设计和施工中采用多项创新技术,首次选用4.5 m的钻孔桩;为解决复杂海域大直径钻孔桩难题,研发了KTY5000型动力头钻机和相关配套的打桩设备;为克服波浪力作用,部分深水裸岩区域采用导管架辅助建立施工平台;为适应桥位独特的海洋环境,3座大跨度通航孔斜拉桥主塔墩承台均采用圆端哑铃形高桩承台,承台顶露出高潮位以上,承台施工采用集主体防撞结构与施工围堰一体的防撞箱围堰结构,永久结构与临时结构相结合,节约材料的同时降低了施工的安全风险性。其大型防撞箱围堰采用工厂整体制造、整体吊装、整体下放,实现模块化、标准化施工,哑铃形承台系梁范围采用无封底混凝土施工创新技术。     

Feasibility of modal expansion for virtual sensing in offshore wind jacket substructures

The present paper investigates the feasibility of modal expansion-based virtual sensing in the context of offshore wind jacket substructures. For this specific application, issues have been reported when expanding wind-driven brace vibrations and wave-driven vibrations in the splash-zone based on a sensor network placed solely above the sea level. These limitations are addressed in this paper by extending the sensor network with sub-sea vibration sensors and a wave radar sensor, which allow for capturing local brace vibration modes and the wave-driven vibration response. The brace expansion is thus improved by including the local brace vibration modes in the expansion basis, while the representation of wave-driven vibrations is improved by including load-dependent Ritz vectors computed based on input from the wave radar sensor. The merit of the proposed extension is explored using a numerical model of an offshore wind turbine supported by a jacket substructure in a simulation setting with different operational and environmental conditions. It is documented that the extended setup provides an improvement in the expansion-based estimation of both wind- and wave-driven vibrations. The former improvement is particularly relevant for operational cases, while the latter is relevant for idling cases. Despite the documented improvements, a systematic reduction in the expansion quality is observed for higher wind speeds in operational cases for both the basic and the extended setup. It is contended that this phenomenon is due to the operational variability of the controller, which violates the fundamental assumption of the structural system being linear and time-invariant.     

船舶撞击后导管架安全性评估修复的方法探讨

依托项目实例,以实测凹陷值来还原撞击荷载,进而对导管架进行剩余强度评估和其它部位的损伤筛查,给出导管架海上维修方案,结合对平台的整体安全性评估结果,给出修复方法和后期监测方案。     

Experimental and numerical study on tuned liquid dampers for controlling earthquake response of jacket offshore platform

Earthquake loading has to be considered when the offshore platform is constructed in active fault zone. Tuned liquid dampers (TLD) have been proposed to control the dynamic response of structures. Liquid sloshing experiments on cylinder tank show the sloshing happens more seriously when the frequency of external excitation is close to the fundamental sloshing frequency of liquid. Lumped mass method is employed to numerically analyze the controlling earthquake effect on TLD. Based on TLDs the feasibility to control earthquake response of jacket platform is studied and applied to CB32A oil tank platform. Using extra TLDs in CB32A to control the seismic response of the platform is researched by the model test and numerical simulation. Lumped mass method can simulate the behavior of TLD during earthquake very well and gives close numerical results compared with those from model experiments. It has been found that the ratio of the fundamental sloshing frequency of liquid to the natural frequency of platform is the key factor to control earthquake response. The larger ratio of water-mass to platform-mass is also useful to reduce vibration as well.