Circulation on the Armorican shelf (Bay of Biscay) in autumn

Three drifters drogued at 65 m were launched on a transect on the Armorican shelf of the Bay of Biscay for 4 years. The experiments were conducted in autumn. They revealed a north-westward, poleward current over the 100 m isobath and a very weak eastward current over depths comprised between 120 and 150 m. A model was used to assess the role of residual tidal currents and wind-induced circulation. The results show that the former are quite weak and the latter do not explain the average velocity of over 10 cm s^− 1. It is thought that this current is mainly driven by the density gradient induced by the breakdown of stratification. Hydrological data and satellite images from the period are discussed, in the light of this hypothesis.     

ENSO循环对7月—8月北上热带气旋及对航海的影响

对1950年～1992年COADS资料和7月～8月西北太平洋热带气旋的路径资料进行了初步的统计分析.结果表明从年际变化的时间尺度上来看,在厄尔尼诺(拉尼娜)现象出现后,赤道中、西太平洋纬向风正(负)异常,近赤道地区(10°N～20°N)中、西太平洋出现纬向风负(正)异常,Hadley环流加强(减弱),副热带高压增强(减弱),因此,7月～8月西北太平洋北上热带气旋出现的次数少(多).该规律已被1997年～2000年北上热带气旋的数目所证实.热带气旋是影响船舶航行安全最重要的灾害性天气系统之一.远洋运输船舶可以根据上述规律对相应季节的航线设计、船舶载重线、船舶操纵、运输途中的货物保管及港口装卸等都要做相应的调整和采取适当的措施,避免或减少不必要的损失.     

An algorithm for oceanic front detection in chlorophyll and SST satellite imagery

An algorithm is described for oceanic front detection in chlorophyll (Chl) and sea surface temperature (SST) satellite imagery. The algorithm is based on a gradient approach: the main novelty is a shape-preserving, scale-sensitive, contextual median filter applied selectively and iteratively until convergence. This filter has been developed specifically for Chl since these fields have spatial patterns such as chlorophyll enhancement at thermohaline fronts and small- and meso-scale chlorophyll blooms that are not present in SST fields. Linear Chl enhancements and localized (point-wise) blooms are modeled as ridges and peaks respectively, whereas conventional fronts in Chl and SST fields are modeled as steps or ramps. Examples are presented of the algorithm performance using modeled (synthetic) images as well as synoptic Chl and SST imagery. After testing, the algorithm was used on > 6000 synoptic images, 1999–2007, to produce climatologies of Chl and SST fronts off the U.S. Northeast.     

利用激光点云的城市无人驾驶路径规划算法

为了解决随机采样算法受感知环境不确定性影响下的弱鲁棒性以及弱可靠性问题，采用一种基于激光空间势场的渐优随机采样算法框架来设计符合无人驾驶需要的规划算法。针对感知环境的不确定性，首先基于势场原理与激光障碍物点云构建一个融入了斥力场的规划空间，解决激光障碍物提取中的过分割等问题。其次，利用规划空间来处理随机采样算法中的采样策略、最优母节点选取策略、修剪策略以及最终路径选择策略。再次，在算法中加入了Anytime策略来提高优化解的利用率，使得算法的计算效率满足无人驾驶实时性的要求。同时，为了保证无人驾驶中规划路径的鲁棒性与可靠性，创建了一个综合5重因素的代价函数来选择最优路径，并根据不同的无人驾驶场景来调整相对应的参数；最后在城市测试道路上进行了实地测试。结果表明：设计的算法框架能够适应最高时速40 km·h^-1的城区驾驶环境，并能完成跟驰、换道、融入以及静动态障碍物的避障决策。在与SST算法的对比试验中，所提出的算法在各个试验中的轨迹、方向盘转角以及速度的平滑性都优于SST算法，其轨迹与障碍物的距离也优于SST算法。     

Assimilation of sea surface temperature in the POL Coastal Ocean Modelling System

A one-dimensional scheme is used to assimilate satellite Sea Surface Temperature data into the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory Coastal Ocean Modelling System, set up in the Irish Sea with a fine resolution ( 1.8 km). The capabilities of the assimilation scheme are investigated using two different sets of satellite data, of lower and similar resolution to that of the model respectively. Comparison of results with independent data show that assimilation improves the modelled Sea Surface Temperature, but does not address model representation of the temperature vertical structure. It is concluded that for the Irish Sea and at the scales resolved by the model, the assimilation problem cannot be approached in a one-dimensional framework. It is also pointed out that forecast error needs to account explicitly for errors in the representation of the vertical structure of the thermal field.Three-dimensional methods that are suited for coastal systems are then suggested.     

斜拉桥斜拉索二维涡激振动的数值模拟研究

采用基于RANS方法的SST湍流模型对斜拉桥斜拉索二维（2D）模型涡致振动进行了数值模拟。2D模型建立和网格划分通过专业前处理软件ICEM—CFD来实现。保持2D模型的频率不变,通过改变风速的方法来研究2D模型涡致振动的特性。研究了2D模型涡致振动的幅值,阻力系数以及锁定区域随约减阻尼变化的规律。研究结果表明斜拉索2D模型发生涡致振动时其幅值随着约减阻尼减小而增大,直至稳定到一个常数,同时通过比较发现数值模拟得到的2D模型幅值与试验结果比较接近;锁定区域随约减风速减小而增大;同样2D模型的平均阻力系数在锁定区域随着约减风速减小而增大。     

基于SST湍流模型的超车时汽车外流场变化的仿真分析

基于k-w模型的SST(剪切应力输运)湍流模型综合了k-ε和k-w湍流模型在边界层内外计算的优点,能够准确及时预测分离的特性。利用SST湍流模型对轿车超越轿车的过程运用计算机仿真技术进行数值模拟,得出被超轿车在此过程中的气动阻力系数和气动侧力变化曲线图,并对这一工况进行了分析。     

A study of the Alboran sea mesoscale system by means of empirical orthogonal function decomposition of satellite data

This paper presents the results of a combined empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sea surface temperature (SST) data and sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor (SeaWiFS) chlorophyll concentration data over the Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean), covering a period of 1 year (November 1997–October 1998). The aim of this study is to go beyond the limited temporal extent of available in situ measurements by inferring the temporal and spatial variability of the Alboran Gyre system from long temporal series of satellite observations, in order to gain insight on the interactions between the circulation and the biological activity in the system. In this context, EOF decomposition permits concise and synoptic representation of the effects of physical and biological phenomena traced by SST and chlorophyll concentration. Thus, it is possible to focus the analysis on the most significant phenomena and to understand better the complex interactions between physics and biology at the mesoscale. The results of the EOF analysis of AVHRR-SST and SeaWiFS-chlorophyll concentration data are presented and discussed in detail. These improve and complement the knowledge acquired during the in situ observational campaigns of the MAST-III Observations and Modelling of Eddy scale Geostrophic and Ageostrophic motion (OMEGA) Project.     

列车车顶绝缘子气流场分布及其对积污的影响

列车高速运行过程中,车顶绝缘子表面的积污特性受绝缘子周围气流场分布特性的影响较大,建立车顶绝缘子的外部三维流场模型,利用有限元模拟的方法计算列车在不同的运行速度下,车顶绝缘子周围气流场分布的情况以及空气中的污秽颗粒与绝缘子表面的碰撞情况,结合现场调研,结果表明：车顶绝缘子的积污特性主要受到绝缘子背风面气压分布的影响,伞裙背风面的负压值、污秽颗粒碰撞率以及实测的积污量均呈两端大中间小的规律,且随着列车速度的加快,伞裙背风面的负压值及污秽颗粒碰撞率皆呈现增加的趋势。     

SST湍流模型在汽车绕流仿真中的应用

采用基于k-w模型的SST(剪切应力输运)湍流模型，综合了k-w和k-ε湍流模型在边界层内外计算的优点，在数值试验和实际应用中表现出其准确及时预测分离的特性。计算结果与汽车模型在小型风洞中的试验结果比较吻合。尤其是关于湍流现象的模拟更是与现实物理情况一致。