基于蠕滑机理的重载货车车轮磨耗研究

在多体动力学分析软件包SIMPACK中建立重载货车动力学模型,基于轮轨蠕滑机理在MATLAB软件中编制车轮踏面磨耗仿真程序WWS.根据车轮磨耗仿真结果和现场实测结果对Zobory磨耗模型进行修正.研究车辆非理想状态对车轮磨耗的影响,分析轮轨型面和转向架结构对车辆非理想状态的适应性.通过钢轨表面滚动接触疲劳损伤特征的研究,对车轮滚动接触疲劳和磨耗耦合关系进行数值模拟.主要研究内容和结论如下.     

K1000型钢轨焊机推瘤刀激光熔覆修复研究

为修复已磨损的推瘤刀,利用正交实验,确定出熔覆试验最优激光功率、离焦量和扫描速度分别为1.6kW,20 mm和4mm·s-1;据此进行相关的激光熔覆修复实验.熔覆材料以Ni60自熔性合金粉末为主,随着碳化钨(WC)粉末质量分数的增大,熔覆层的平均显微硬度和相对耐磨性先增大后减小,当WC粉末的质量分数为25％时,熔覆层的平均显微硬度和相对耐磨性分别达到最大值648.7 HV和3.49;在Ni60自熔性合金粉末和WC粉末的混合物中加入稀土CeO2粉末后,熔覆层深度小于1.0mm部分的显微硬度明显提高,超过700HV,能够满足推瘤刀刃口处硬度为56HRC的要求;稀土CeO2粉末的添加量对熔覆层显微硬度的影响不大;当WC粉末和稀土CeO2粉末的质量分数分别为25％和1.5％时,熔覆层的磨损失重仅为3.4 mg.     

汽车用碳纤维复合摩阻材料的摩擦磨损特性研究

在采用正交设计优化碳纤维复合摩阻材料的基础上，针对汽车制动器衬片的实际工况，研究了碳纤维复合摩阻材料的摩擦磨损特性及磨损机制分析了碳纤维含量、强度及表面状态等对磨损机制的影响。研究结果表明，碳纤维复合摩阻材料的磨损性能、工作寿命及抗热衰退性能均明显高于传统的石棉摩阻材料。     

汽车同步环材料的研究

高强度耐磨黄铜是作为汽车同步器锥环的理想材料。这种材料之所以具有优良的综合机械性能和耐磨损性能,是因为材料中的Mn、Fe或Ni、Co等元素和Si或Al形成显微硬度很高的硅化物或铝化物颗粒,这些颗粒均匀而弥散分布于β(或α+β)基体上,形成了理想的软基体+硬质点的耐磨组织。正确地选用合金元素,合理地设计合金成分和采用一定的热处理工艺可以控制显微组织中硬质颗粒相的粒度、密度和分布,从而使材料的综合性能达到最佳状态。     

中型载货汽车轮胎异常磨损的原因分析及解决措施

中型载货汽车轮胎常发生异常磨损现象，磨损形式是横向花纹轮胎呈锯齿状磨损，从胎冠上方向下看，胎肩处花纹块呈前高后低状，也有少部分呈前低后高状，形状似锯齿；纵向花纹轮胎一侧胎肩磨损明显大于另一侧。分析了此现象产生的原因，并提出了相应的解决措施。     

Prediction of wheel wear in urban railway transport: comparison of existing models

One of the most important maintenance costs in tramway transport comes from wear of wheel profiles. In the highly competitive railway market, the prediction of wear is then a major concern of the constructors. In this article, we present and compare four models well adapted to tramway conditions, involving contacts on the rolling tread and on the flange with very different sliding and pressure conditions. Moreover, all models can be implemented from the natural outputs of the railway simulation packages classically used in industry for the dynamics design of the vehicles. The first one, proposed by Jendel, is based on the well-known Archard's wear model. Enblom continues Jendel's approach by taking into account the contribution of wheel deformation on the sliding velocity. The last two models, developed by Zobory, and Pearce and Sherratt, determine the wear from the energy dissipation in the contact area. The models are first compared on a theoretical basis and, for that purpose, are rewritten in a common form. Two cases are distinguished: mild wear as arising on the rolling tread and severe wear as arising on the flange. The models are also compared in the practical case of an urban transport vehicle running on circular tracks with different curve radii. Although the models show equivalent trends according to the theoretical study, important discrepancies appear between estimated wear depths. All models are actually dependent on experimental coefficients and it is likely that they were estimated in different conditions. On the other hand, a reasonable agreement can be found in some particular conditions. As an example, Zobory's, Enblom's and Jendel's models are very close to each other in severe wear conditions. This work shows that a general and reliable model could probably be developed from all positive aspects of the existing ones.     

VGELES1800型摊铺机故障分析一例

以 VO¨ GEL E S180 0型摊铺机在摊铺工作中出现的故障为例 ,介绍了分析、解决问题的全过程 ,着重分析了熨平板严重磨损后对摊铺造成的影响 ,并提出了减轻熨平板磨损的几项措施。     

激光熔覆方法增强自卸车钢板耐磨性能研究

磨损是影响自卸车车厢使用寿命的主要原因之一,研究利用激光熔覆方法,制备出含有TiC、VC增强颗粒的熔覆层。利用X射线衍射仪、电子探针、透射电镜对增强颗粒进行微结构分析;利用滑动磨损试验机研究了熔覆层的耐磨损性能。结果表明,激光熔覆层的耐磨性明显好于Q235板材。     

树脂基混杂纤维汽车制动材料的研制

利用陶瓷、有机、金属纤维混杂增强酚醛树脂，研制开发了一种汽车用新型树脂基制动复合材料。采用价格低廉的叶蜡石作为制动复合材料的填料，不仪可以调节制动材料的摩擦学性能，而且能够大幅度降低成本。对比试验表明，所研制的制动材料摩擦系数稳定，抗衰退性能好，磨损率较小，具有较大的性能价格比优势。     

以圆弧参数为设计变量的车轮型面优化数学模型研究

在分析圆弧型车轮型面几何特点的基础上,提出用4段圆弧描述车轮型面与钢轨的接触部分.以4段圆弧中两端圆弧的半径和两中间圆弧的圆心坐标为设计变量,以轮轨磨耗、临界速度和轮轨横向力为目标函数,以满足对最大接触应力、脱轨系数、滚动疲劳因子、临界速度和轮轨横向力的要求为约束条件,建立圆弧型车轮型面多目标优化模型.以欧洲时速200 km标准铁路客车为例,采用给出的车轮型面多目标优化模型对其车轮型面进行优化.结果表明:车轮型面经1次优化的车辆运行在半径为3 000m的曲线线路上时一位轮对车轮的总磨耗指数下降约15％,但车辆的临界速度仅为75 m· s-1;通过调整设计变量的取值范围,进行车轮型面优化,得到最优车轮型面Wheel_ Opt,采用此车轮型面的车辆在同样线路上一位轮对车轮的总磨耗指数下降约12％,临界速度提高至105.9m· s-1.