长江大保护战略下河口滩涂的保护对策研究

针对长江来沙持续减少引起河口滩涂侵蚀日益严峻的现象,提出长江口滩涂保护的重要性;并以九段沙、横沙东滩为研究典型,探讨分析不同定位滩涂宜采取的不同保护对策。结论如下:对于生态保护区滩涂,宜通过改变外围环境实施滩涂保护、促进滩面缓慢淤涨;对于非生态保护区滩涂,可采取积极主动的护滩措施,且可通过工程有目的地培育高-中-低滩有序分布的滩涂基底,在实现滩涂资源稳定的基础上提升滩涂生态品质,增强滩涂区域功能,积极响应长江大保护战略。     

模似器在港口航道设计中的应用

阐述船舶操纵模拟器在港口航道设计中的应用情况。通过上海港外高桥挖入式港池设计研究的实例说明模拟器的成功运用。这些模拟技术和方法对于降低航道费用、增强船舶营运安全和提高港口生产效率都有较大作用。     

不同水文组合对长江口南港流场的影响

长江口南港河段流场受径流、潮流、地形及风浪的影响,相当复杂。现场资料耗资巨大,且水文条件差别较大,模型进行了12种不同水文组合的试验,以弥补现场资料的不足。根据试验结果对南港河段水位、流量、流速的变化规律进行了研究,同时分析了南港的流场特征。     

苏通长江大桥4号主墩钢吊箱设计

苏通长江公路大桥4号主墩钢吊箱是目前世界桥梁建筑中采用规模最大的施工设施。阐述了4号主墩钢吊箱设计理念,确定分析了首节吊箱的起吊、吊箱整体下沉定位、浇筑水下砼封底、吊箱内抽水及承台砼浇筑等主要工况,并采用了信息化施工等先进技术。使用及现场实例结果说明钢吊箱的结构设计是十分成功的。     

长江三角洲城际轨道交通的发展

长江三角洲地区经济发达,人员流动频繁,尽管其交通网络比较发达,但仍然与经济的快速增长不适应。因此,迫切需要加快建设以开行高密度公交化旅客列车为特征的新型城际轨道交通,从而建立现代化的综合交通体系,发挥区位优势,建立资源节约型、环境友好型社会。要坚持与区域总体规划密切配合、合理选择线网等原则,遵循长江三角洲城际轨道交通线网规划的发展目标,加快建设步伐,构建长江三角洲地区综合交通运输体系。     

东江下游航道整治工程数学模型研究方法

通过边界贴体坐标方法将受枢纽和人工挖沙等影响剧烈的东江下游水道水沙变化规律进行数学模拟,解决了方案比选和优化的问题,并对回淤或冲刷情况进行了预测,为初步设计提供依据。     

Distribution of suspended sediment in the coastal sea off the Ganges–Brahmaputra River mouth: observation from TM data

Remote sensing technique was applied to estimate suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and to understand transportation, distribution and deposition of suspended sediment in the estuary and throughout the coastal sea, off the Ganges–Brahmaputra River mouth. During low river discharge period, zone of turbidity maximum is inferred in the estuary near the shore. SSC map shows that maximum SSC reaches 1050 mg/l in this period. Magnitude of SSC is mainly owing to resuspension of the bottom surface sediments induced by tidal currents flowing over shallow water depths. The influence of depth on resuspension is farther revealed from the distribution and magnitude of SSC along the head of Swatch of No Ground (SNG) submarine canyon. During high river discharge period, huge river outflow pushed the salt wedge and flashes away the suspended sediments in the coastal sea off the river mouth. Zone of turbidity maximum is inferred in the coastal water approximately within 5–10 m depth of water, where the maximum SSC reaches 1700 mg/l. In this period, huge fluvial input of the suspended sediments including the resuspended bottom sediments and the particles remaining in suspension for longer period of time since their initial entry control mainly the magnitude of SSC. In the estuary near the shore, seasonal variation in the magnitude of SSC is not evident. In the coastal sea (>5 m water depth), seasonal influence in the magnitude of SSC could be concluded from the discrepancy between SSC values of two different seasons. Transportation and deposition of suspended sediments also experiences seasonal variations. At present, suspended sediments are being accumulated on the shallow shelf (between 5 and 10 m water depth) in low discharge period and on the mid-shelf (between 10 and 75 m water depth) during high discharge period. An empirical (exponential) relationship was found between gradual settle down of suspended sediments in the coastal sea and its lateral distance from the turbidity maximum.     

长江中下游航道整治技术问题的几点思考

长江中下游的航道整治目前全面展开,很多技术问题亟待解决,为此结合目前的整治技术进展,对诸如整治河段单元的划分、目标河型的选择、工程区、守护工程功能属性转化、洲头鱼骨坝的作用扩展、汊道分流面、工程的结构型式等问题进行了商榷性讨论,为最终解决这些问题做一些铺垫性思考。     

内河航道齿坎式护岸结构分析及应用

齿坎式护岸结构是一种新型挡墙结构,但目前齿坎式挡墙缺乏理论设计规范。在进行抗滑稳定性计算时仍按照无齿坎结构进行计算,把齿坎当成安全储备,造成断面设计的浪费。通过对齿坎式护岸结构的有限元计算,得出比较经济的护岸断面结构型式。     

长江口深水航道治理工程的施工组织原则

长江口深水航道治理工程具有规模大、施工强度高、水域开敞、作业条件差，特别是滩面物质易发生冲蚀等特点。整治建筑物工程大量采用了新型结构。因此，一、二期工程中创新地制定并实施了一系列施工组织原则，确保了河势的稳定和整治建筑物的安全；研制开发了一批施工新工艺和大型专用作业船；创造了水运工程建设的高速度；取得了良好的整治效果。文中对工程概况、特点、该工程实施的施工组织原则及实践效果作了概要介绍。