汽车操纵稳定性的评价与试验

较为详细地介绍汽车操纵稳定性及其评价的两种方法、发展过程以及指标分析,并介绍某客车道路试验及试验结果。     

电磁永磁混合磁悬浮列车的磁铁结构优化设计

根据力学模型提出了增大混合磁铁磁轭高度以提高承载力的方法,从承载能力、可控性及永磁工作点3个角度展开对混合磁铁结构参数的优化分析。理论分析及仿真结果表明,适当增大永磁截面积在满足系统承载力要求的同时能提高磁铁可控性;合理选取永久磁铁的截面积和厚度参数能保证磁铁工作在最大能积点。     

基于驾驶员意图识别的纯电动汽车动力性驱动控制策略

为了解决纯电动汽车动力性和操控性难以同时兼顾的问题,将驾驶员意图分为稳态意图和动态意图,稳态意图用于保证车辆的操控性,动态意图用于保证车辆的动力性,在此基础上提出了一种基于驾驶员意图识别的纯电动汽车动力性驱动控制策略,该策略首先分别采用“典型工作点+分段插值”和模糊推理方法来识别驾驶员的稳态和动态意图;接着采用“动态补偿转矩保持”和“动态补偿转矩归零”等算法计算动态补偿转矩;最后通过“增量式”动态补偿转矩跟踪算法和电机过载管理算法给出最终的转矩指令。仿真与试验结果表明,该策略既可以根据驾驶员稳态意图保证车辆的操控性,也可根据驾驶员动态意图提高车辆的动力性。     

增设可更换冗余柱框架结构的抗震韧性研究

随着建筑功能的日益复杂,仅考虑建筑结构本身的安全并不能保证社会秩序的正常运行,对于服役期间的重要建筑,结构在抵御灾害和灾后功能快速恢复的能力上应有更高的要求。为了有效提高相应建筑在地震作用中基本使用功能的完备和实现震后功能的快速恢复,基于建筑抗震韧性要求,提出一种增设可更换冗余柱的钢筋混凝土框架结构体系,并设计了一栋典型的10层钢筋混凝土框架结构,冗余柱柱端设计成为小震不坏、中震可修、大震成铰,即柱端钢筋变形达到设计值时,柱端连接失效,使得柱端部形成铰。采用OpenSees软件建立合适的本构模型,输入3条天然地震波,对普通和增设冗余柱的框架结构的抗震韧性进行对比研究。根据计算结果表明,设防烈度下,冗余柱分担了内力最大框架柱10%～23%的轴压比,使其轴力和剪力得到1%～23%的降低,达成“中震不坏”的目标;罕遇烈度下,通过控制冗余柱成铰的时刻,达成关键柱“大震可修”的目标;大震后,在冗余柱所在位置的两侧施加支撑,可快速更换已损坏的柱构件,实现结构的快速可恢复性。综上所述,增设冗余柱提高了结构抗震韧性,若将研究的成果用于高烈度区生命线工程,可以有效提高对应建筑结构的抗震韧性。该研究为建设韧性城市提供技术支持,为韧性评估提供理论支撑。     

Quasi-steady-state linearisation of the racing vehicle acceleration envelope: a limited slip differential example

In the motorsport environment, passive limited slip differentials are a well-established means of improving the traction limitation imposed by the open differential. Torque sensing types are highly adjustable, and can alter both the stability and agility of the vehicle in the various cornering phases of a typical manoeuvre. In this paper, an adjustable clutch plate or ‘Salisbury’ differential model is presented, which can significantly alter its torque bias characteristics through adjustments in the drive/coast ramp angle, the number of friction faces and preload. To allow robust evaluation of differential parameter changes on ultimate vehicle performance and handling balance, a unified acceleration or ‘GG’ diagram framework is then described. This builds on traditional GG diagram approaches, by using nonlinear constrained optimisation to define both the vehicle acceleration limits and a ‘feasibility’ region within the performance envelope. By linearising a seven degrees of freedom vehicle model at multiple operating points, eigenvalue and yaw rate response analysis is then used to establish contours of stability and agility throughout the GG envelope. This brings new insights into the way in which handling balance changes below and up to the vehicle's acceleration limits.     

某轿车方向盘力矩脉冲输入试验发散原因分析

针对某轿车方向盘力矩脉冲输入试验发散的问题,采用三自由度力输入操稳模型,解释了试验中存在的现象,分析了其发散原因。针对车辆发散的问题,提出了产品改进建议。     

车辆操纵稳定性及平顺性的协同优化研究

利用车辆多体动力学模型与多目标优化工具,对悬架弹簧、减振器及横向稳定杆特性进行操纵稳定性与行驶平顺性的协同优化仿真.结果表明汽车的操稳性和行驶平顺性的各项性能指标均得到了改善.     

Controllability,Observability and Stability for a Class of Fractional-Order Linear Time-Invariant Control Systems

IntroductionThe concepts of controllability and observabil-ity,introduced by Kalman[1] ,are of extreme im-portance in control theory and engineering. Thereal objects are generally fractional[2 ] ,however,the control systems used so far are all consideredas integer- order systems.Disregarding the real or-der of the systems was caused mainly by the com-plexity and the absence of adequate mathematicaltools.The fractional calculus theory was devel-oped by a lotof mathematicians and the applicatio…     

企业经济系统的动态运行与分析

从分析一个自主经管、自负盈亏的企业所处的外部环境出发,探索了企业的生产经营活动与外部市场氛围的关系,强调了企业生产经营必须具备的动态跟进特征,从不同的角度提出了经济系统的可控性与可观测性问题。     

The bricycle: a bicycle in zero gravity can be balanced or steered but not both

A bicycle or inverted pendulum can be balanced, that is kept nearly upright, by accelerating the base. This balance is achieved by steering on a bicycle. Simultaneously one can also control the lateral position of the base: changing of the track line of a bike or the position of hand under a balanced stick. We show here with theory and experiment that if the balance problem is removed, by making the system neutrally stable for balance, one cannot simultaneously maintain balance and control the position of the base. We made a bricycle, essentially a bicycle with springy training wheels. The stiffness of the training wheel suspension can be varied from near infinite, making the bricycle into a tricycle, to zero, making it effectively a bicycle. The springy training wheels effectively reduce or even negate gravity, at least for balance purposes. One might expect a smooth transition from tricycle to bicycle as the stiffness is varied, in terms of handling, balance and feel. Not so. At an intermediate stiffness, when gravity is effectively zeroed, riders can balance easily but no longer turn. Small turns cause an intolerable leaning. Thus there is a qualitative difference between bicycles and tricycles, a difference that cannot be met halfway.