Surf-riding and oscillations of a ship in quartering waves

The behavior of a ship encountering large regular waves from astern at low frequency is the object of investigation, with a parallel study of surf-riding and periodic motion paterns. First, the theoretical analysis of surf-riding is extended from purely following to quartering seas. Steady-state continuation is used to identify all possible surf-riding states for one wavelength. Examination of stability indicates the existence of stable and unstable states and predicts a new type of oscillatory surf-riding. Global analysis is also applied to determine the areas of state space which lead to surf-riding for a given ship and wave conditions. In the case of overtaking waves, the large rudder-yaw-surge oscillations of the vessel are examined, showing the mechanism and conditions responsible for loss of controllability at certain vessel headings.List of symbols c wave celerity (m/s) - C(p) roll damping moment (Ntm) - g acceleration of gravity (m/s²) - GM metacentric height (m) - H wave height (m) - I _x ,I _z roll and yaw ship moments of inertia (kg m²) - k wave number (m^–1) - K _H ,K _W ,K _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - K _p forces in the roll direction (Ntm) - m ship mass (kg) - n propeller rate of rotation (rpm) - N _H ,N _W ,N _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - N _P moments in the yaw direction (Ntm) - p roll angular velocity (rad/s) - r rate-of-turn (rad/s) - R(,x) restoring moment (Ntm) - Res(u) ship resistance (Nt) - t time (s) - u surge velocity (m/s) - U vessel speed (m/s) - v sway velocity (m/s) - W ship weight (Nt) - x longitudinal position of the ship measured from the wave system (m) - x _G ,z _G longitudinal and vertical center of gravity (m) - x _S longitudinal position of a ship section (S), in the ship-fixed system (m) - X _H ,X _W ,X _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - X _P forces in the surge direction (Nt) - y transverse position of the ship, measured from the wave system (m) - Y _H ,Y _W ,Y _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - Y _p forces in the sway direction (Nt) - z _Y vertical position of the point of action of the lateral reaction force during turn (m) - z _W vertical position of the point of action of the lateral wave force (m) Greek symbols angle of drift (rad) - rudder angle (rad) - wavelength (m) - position of the ship in the earth-fixed system (m) - water density (kg/m³) - angle of heel (rad) - heading angle (rad) - _e frequency of encounter (rad/s) Hydrodynamic coefficients K roll added mass - N _v ,N _r yaw acceleration coefficients - N _v N _r N _rr N _rrv ,N _vvr yaw velocity coefficients K. Spyrou: Ship behavior in quartering waves - X _u surge acceleration coefficient - X _u X _vr surge velocity coefficients - Y _v ,Y _r sway acceleration coefficients - Y _v ,Y _r ,Y _vv ,Y _rr ,Y _vr sway velocity coefficients European Union-nominated Fellow of the Science and Technology Agency of Japan, Visiting Researcher, National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering of Japan     

Nonlinear dynamics of ship capsizing due to broaching in following and quartering seas

To provide a theoretical methodology to predict the critical condition for capsizing due to broaching, a nonlinear dynamical system approach was applied to the surge–sway–yaw–roll motion of a ship running with an autopilot in following and quartering seas. Fixed points of a mathematical model for the ship motion and unstable manifolds of the fixed point near the wave crest were systematically investigated. As a result, the existence of heteroclinic bifurcation was identified. With numerical experiments, it was confirmed that this heteroclinic bifurcation reasonably well represents the critical condition for capsizing due to broaching. Thus the nonlinear dynamical approach can be substituted for tedious numerical experiments. Received for publication on Nov. 20, 1998; accepted on March 16, 1999     

第二代完整稳性衡准直接评估方法研究

国际海事组织(IMO)船舶建造和设计委员会(SDC)4次会议把第二代完整稳性衡准直接评估方法提上议程,本文针对第二代完整稳性衡准的五种稳性失效模式——参数横摇、纯稳性丧失、骑浪/横甩、瘫船稳性和过度加速度,分别给出了直接评估的水动力原则性要求,然后针对这些水动力要求进行了分析,并给出了具体的数学模型.最后结合已有的计算结果对直接评估方法的可行性进行了分析,为二代稳性直接评估软件的开发和应用奠定了基础.     

IMO第二代完整稳性骑浪横甩衡准规范研究

本文针对国际海事组织(IMO)目前正在制定的第二代完整稳性衡准中的骑浪/横甩稳性失效模式展开了研究,详细阐述了最新的衡准草案规范并编制了计算程序。在此基础上,以一条远洋渔船为例,开展了静水阻力拖航试验,研究了规范中所涉及的输入参数对于衡准校核结果的影响,包括静水阻力、螺旋桨推力系数等。结果表明,静水阻力数据对于校核结果的影响很大,而螺旋桨推力系数等的影响则较小。本研究对于IMO确立该衡准规范具有参考价值,对于船舶设计人员也有一定的指导意义。     

骑浪横甩薄弱性衡准技术的发展

介绍了骑浪/横甩的物理背景,以及骑浪/横甩第一层和第二层薄弱性衡准发展过程,并分析了骑浪横甩薄弱性衡准计算方法及初步衡准,掌握骑浪横甩薄弱性衡准技术的发展现状,有助于骑浪/横甩相关技术领域的研究,为船舶第二代完整稳性的技术发展奠定基础。     

船舶骑浪运动的分叉研究

在纵荡运动模型的基础上,应用非线性动力学理论对骑浪产生的机理进行了研究,确认了骑浪运动是一个从周期运动到骑浪的过程,其中经历了两次分叉.给出了导致骑浪发生的危险临界参数值,以及周期运动和骑浪运动区域划分.