倒装型沥青路面温度场时空分布规律分析

倒装型基层是福建省常用的沥青路面结构型式,其沥青层厚度达26cm。而沥青材料性质对温度敏感,进行温度场分析很有必要。通过有限元仿真分析,对福建省夏季高温时典型日照下倒装沥青路面结构内的温度场进行计算,得到内部各层温度的时空分布,并经过经验公式和相关资料的实际监测验证。结果表明,有限元分析可以作为沥青路面结构设计和沥青材料选择时计算路面温度的快捷可靠的方法。     

基于多时间尺度的城市轨道交通短时OD估计

基于状态空间模型构建了城市轨道交通短时OD估计的多模型组合方法,估计早晚高峰期间15 min内进站客流的去向目的站.组合模型以不同时间尺度下的进站客流分流率为状态变量,并利用历史数据预估其中通勤客流的分流率,然后通过交互多模型算法加权融合不同时间尺度下的分流率估计结果.以北京地铁为案例,研究表明:早高峰期间的15 min分流率估计误差的平均值和最大值分别为16.4%和21.8%,晚高峰期间分别为22.7%和24.6%,比既有文献的估计误差减小了约一半.本文的研究成果可为实时的线网客流分布预测提供更准确的输入数据,以辅助运营管理部门实现客流预警和应急响应.     

Genetics of traffic assignment models for strategic transport planning

This paper presents a review and classification of traffic assignment models for strategic transport planning purposes by using concepts analogous to genetics in biology. Traffic assignment models share the same theoretical framework (DNA), but differ in capability (genes). We argue that all traffic assignment models can be described by three genes. The first gene determines the spatial capability (unrestricted, capacity restrained, capacity constrained, and capacity and storage constrained) described by four spatial assumptions (shape of the fundamental diagram, capacity constraints, storage constraints, and turn flow restrictions). The second gene determines the temporal capability (static, semi-dynamic, and dynamic) described by three temporal assumptions (wave speeds, vehicle propagation speeds, and residual traffic transfer). The third gene determines the behavioural capability (all-or-nothing, one shot, and equilibrium) described by two behavioural assumptions (decision-making and travel time consideration). This classification provides a deeper understanding of the often implicit assumptions made in traffic assignment models described in the literature. It further allows for comparing different models in terms of functionality, and paves the way for developing novel traffic assignment models.     

Optimizing the locations of electric taxi charging stations: A spatial–temporal demand coverage approach

Vehicle electrification is a promising approach towards attaining green transportation. However, the absence of charging stations limits the penetration of electric vehicles. Current approaches for optimizing the locations of charging stations suffer from challenges associated with spatial–temporal dynamic travel demands and the lengthy period required for the charging process. The present article uses the electric taxi (ET) as an example to develop a spatial–temporal demand coverage approach for optimizing the placement of ET charging stations in the space–time context. To this end, public taxi demands with spatial and temporal attributes are extracted from massive taxi GPS data. The cyclical interactions between taxi demands, ETs, and charging stations are modeled with a spatial–temporal path tool. A location model is developed to maximize the level of ET service on the road network and the level of charging service at the stations under spatial and temporal constraints such as the ET range, the charging time, and the capacity of charging stations. The reduced carbon emission generated by used ETs with located charging stations is also evaluated. An experiment conducted in Shenzhen, China demonstrates that the proposed approach not only exhibits good performance in determining ET charging station locations by considering temporal attributes, but also achieves a high quality trade-off between the levels of ET service and charging service. The proposed approach and obtained results help the decision-making of urban ET charging station siting.     

Chaotic movement of vortices in superconductors of high-Tc superconducting maglev system at a high speed

Vortex motion in superconductors of higb-Tc superconducting maglev system is studied by a computational simulation.The vortex system is treated in a similar fashion,as a system where defects arc arrang...     

A week in the life of baby boomers: how do they see the spatial–temporal organization of their activities and travel?

In this paper, we take an initial look at the spatial and temporal flexibility in the activity patterns of the so-called “baby-boomer” cohort (born 1947–1966) in comparison with younger and older adults. Using a unique longitudinal survey carried in Quebec City from 2002 to 2005, we explore activity patterns and trip rates over a seven-day observation period during the first wave, and take a first look at some aspects of their evolution over two subsequent waves at about one-year intervals. We model the propensity to undertake activities within selected conventional non-work classifications such as “shopping” and “leisure”, and also according to respondents’ own perceptions of the spatial and temporal flexibility of each out-of-home activity that they had executed. While we cannot strictly separate cohort effects from age-related effects, after controlling for gender and household structure, we infer that age and related lifestyle effects dominate in explaining these propensities. However, the boomers were the only age stratum to increase their total out-of-home activity participation over the course of the panel, an intriguing starting point for the future study of this cohort.

行车安全综合监控系统的时序Petri网描述及验证

行车安全综合监控系统规模大,复杂程度高,且具有不确定性。研究有效的形式化分析和验证方法对系统测试和可行性分析等方面具有重要意义。本文基于时序Petri网,提出了相应的分析和验证方法。然后,以系统中数据处理和传输过程的公平性、及时性和可靠性等问题为例,进行建模、分析和验证,从而说明本方法的有效性。     

刺激大鼠皮神经引起的屈肌反射电位及背根电位

本工作以清醒、整体大鼠为对象,记录了刺激皮神经所诱发的屈肌反射电位(FRP)和背根电位(DRP)。分级刺激腓肠神经(皮神经),在hamstring神经干上(一组支配后肢屈肌群的神经)先后诱发出A-FRP和C-FRP,同时在L_5背根上诱发出A-DRP和C-DRP。A-FRP和A-DRP的阈值、潜伏期均无明显差异,且呈有意义的正相关;二者的幅值在一定范围内随刺激强度的增大而增大。C-FRP阈值和潜伏期比C-DRP均较大,但二者的阈值和潜伏期均呈有意义的正相关,且二者的幅值在一定范围内随刺激强度的增大而同步递增。每一串刺激(3个脉冲,间隔5ms,波宽0.5ms)诱发的DRP和FRP值均较相应单刺激诱发的为大,即DRP和FRP均有时间总和现象。     

地铁列车通过隧道时的气动性能研究

列车通过隧道时引起的空气动力效应会对列车运行的安全性、乘客乘坐的舒适性等产生不良影响。基于列车空气动力学理论,采用计算流体力学软件FLUENT对某型号地铁车辆通过最不利长度隧道时的空气动力学性能进行数值模拟,得到并分析了地铁列车和隧道壁面监测点的压力时程曲线和分布特征。研究表明:车体表面压力峰峰值、3 s内车内压力波动最大值及隧道内附属物压力峰峰值,与列车速度的平方近似成线性关系;隧道断面净空面积越小,车体承受的压力越大;地铁列车通过隧道时需限速,以达到人体舒适性评价标准。     

国外公路生态影响大尺度合作性研究

大尺度合作性研究不足会忽视很多道路生态影响,造成一定程度上的科研空区,甚至产生错误的研究成果。基于此,通过分析道路生态影响作用尺度及现存研究所存问题,同时详细探讨国外大尺度合作性研究的概况,并提出公路生态影响大尺度合作性研究适用领域及相应的方法和实施步骤,可以提高学术界对道路生态影响大尺度合作性研究的重视,提高道路生态影响科研水平。