FPSO内孤立波载荷实验观测及理论预报模型研究

利用大型密度分层水槽开展了下凹型内孤立波作用在FPSO上的载荷特性系列实验;并依据实验工况,考虑KdV、eKdV和MCC内孤立波理论的适用性条件,数值研究了FPSO内孤立波载荷成分构成;基于实验结果和载荷成分构成,建立了FPSO内孤立波载荷的理论预报模型.研究表明:FPSO内孤立波水平载荷由粘性力和Froude-Krylov力组成,而垂向载荷主要为垂向Froude-Krylov力;Froude-Krylov力可通过动压力沿FPSO浮体湿表面积分得到,粘性力则通过经实验回归的摩擦系数Cf、形状修正因数K乘以内孤立波诱导水质点切向速度沿FPSO浮体湿表面积分得到.系列实验结果得出:摩擦系数Cf和形状修正因数K与雷诺数Re、KC数和流体层深度比h1/h有关;摩擦系数与Re呈自然对数关系;而形状修正因数K与KC数呈幂函数关系.理论预报模型预报的水平载荷、垂向载荷结果均与系列实验和数值结果吻合较好,并且发现随着内孤立波振幅的增加,载荷幅值近乎线性增加,而且上层流体深度对水平力幅值有明显的影响.     

"友谊号"FPSO生产工艺流程改造

“友谊号”FPSO经过升级改造变成一艘具有原油开发综合处理功能的中心平台。文章分别介绍了该FPSO改装后的原油处理系统、污水处理系统、伴生气和天然气处理系统的工艺流程。     

基于PWBS的FPSO建造精细化作业分解

针对深水型浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading, FPSO)建造面临的问题,以产品导向型作业分解结构(Product-oriented Work Breakdown Structure, PWBS)理论为基础,提出面向任务包(Work Package, WP)和派工单(Work Order, WO)的精细化作业分解方法,并建立以中间产品为对象按作业类型和工种划分的分解结构。以某深水型FPSO为例,以作业阶段为主线对其建造作业进行分解,形成面向FPSO的通用性作业分解系统,为实现FPSO的精益建造提供可行性。     

Extreme hawser tension assessment for FPSO vessel during offloading operation in Bohai bay

The Floating Production Storage and Offloading Unit (FPSO) is an offshore vessel that produces and stores crude oil prior to tanker transport.Robust prediction of extreme hawser tensions during Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) operation is an important safety concern. Excessive hawser tension may occur during offloading operations, posing an operational risk. In this paper, AQWA has been used to analyze vessel response due to hydrodynamic wave loads, acting on a specific FPSO vessel under actual sea conditions. Experimental validation of numerical results has been discussed as well.This paper advocates methodology for estimating extreme response statistics, based on simulations (or measurements). The modified ACER (averaged conditional exceedance rate) method is presented in brief detail. Proposed methodology provides an accurate extreme value prediction, utilizing all available data efficiently. In this study the estimated return level values, obtained by ACER method, are compared to the corresponding return level values obtained by Gumbel method. Based on the overall performance of the proposed method, it is concluded that the improved ACER method can provide more robust and accurate prediction of the extreme hawser tension.Data declustering issue has been addressed. Paper highlights ability of ACER method to account for a set of varying sea state probabilities, as required in engineering long term statistical analysis.Described approach may be well used at the vessel design stage, while defining optimal vessel parameters that would minimize potential FPSO hawser tension.     

基于改进BP-GA方法的FPSO舷侧结构耐撞性能优化设计

基于遗传算法和ABAQUS参数化有限元仿真技术,对传统的BP-GA优化方法进行改进,并采用改进的BP-GA方法对浮式生产储油卸油装置(FPSO)舷侧结构的耐撞性能进行优化,以验证其可行性和准确性。结果表明,与传统的BP神经网络相比,经遗传算法优化的BP神经网络具有更高的预测精度和更强的泛化能力;改进的BP-GA优化方法可在结构减重的基础上进一步提高结构的耐撞性能,能较好地适用于复杂的FPSO舷侧结构耐撞性优化设计。采用的优化方法具有通用性,可为抗爆性能的优化设计提供参考。     

Strain prediction for critical positions of FPSO under different loading of stored oil using GAIFOA-BP neural network

FPSO (floating, production, storage and offloading) units are widely used in the offshore oil and gas industry. Generally, FPSOs have excellent oil storage capacity owing to their huge oil cargo holds. The volume and distribution of stored oil in the cargo holds influence the strain level of hull girder, especially at critical positions of FPSO. However, strain prediction using structural analysis tools is computationally expensive and time consuming. In this study, a prediction tool based on back-propagation (BP) neural network called GAIFOA-BP is proposed to predict the strain values of concerned positions of an FPSO model under different oil storage conditions. The GAIFOA-BP combines BP model and GAIFOA which is a combination of genetic algorithm (GA) and an improved fruit fly optimization algorithm (IFOA). Results from three benchmark tests show that the GAIFOA-BP model has a remarkable performance. Subsequently, a total of 81 sets of training data and 25 sets of testing data are obtained from experiment using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors installed on the surface of an FPSO model. The numerical results show that the GAIFOA-BP is capable of predicting the strain values with higher accuracy as compared with other BP models. Finally, the reserved GAIFOA-BP model is utilized to predict the strain values under the inputs of a 10-day time series of volume and distribution of stored oil. The predicted strain results are further used to calculate the fatigue consumption of measurement points.     

西非海域FPSO多点系泊系统的疲劳寿命分析

文章首先采用三维频域理论分析西非海域FPSO的水动力性能,得到船体各自由度的运动响应,慢漂载荷,附加质量和势流阻尼等;随后,利用分块法将波浪散点图离散为若干个海况,基于准动态方法对多点系泊系统进行分析,得到各海况下船体的漂移和各系泊缆的张力;最后,结合前两步的计算结果,采用T-N曲线,雨流计数和Miner线性累计损伤理论对系泊缆的疲劳寿命进行预报。研究结果表明,各系泊缆的疲劳寿命沿长度方向的分布趋势基本一致,锚链顶端和触底部分的疲劳寿命较短。此外,西非海域的涌浪对系泊缆的疲劳损伤较大,系泊设计时应予以重点关注。     

南海某FPSO STP单点系泊系统的再评估

本文针对一艘中国南海北部服役的STP(Submerged Turret Production)内转塔单点FPSO在极端环境条件下单点静密封失效问题进行了分析。STP浮筒静密封主要依靠浮筒上端液压大钳的预紧力、浮筒与舱壁的静摩擦力等来抵抗系泊系统的载荷,从而保证浮筒与船体舱壁的紧密贴合。本文进行了新旧百年一遇环境条件作用下系泊系统载荷评估分析,比较结果可以发现：在新的百年一遇条件作用下,单点系泊系统的最大系泊缆张力增加31%,相应地系泊系统作用在锚链盘的平面载荷增加33%,垂向载荷增加12%。进一步地进行了新环境条件下两百年一遇极端环境作用下的系泊系统响应分析,比较结果可以发现：两百年一遇环境条件作用下,平台平面位移、系泊缆最大张力以及系泊载荷均出现了不同程度的增加,此时系泊缆已不能满足系泊系统完整状态的安全系数要求。分析结果表明：该FPSO的STP静密封系统在新的环境条件下存在较大失效风险,有必要对液压锁紧装置进行优化和加强设计,浮筒与舱壁有必要重新进行结构强度评估。     

FPSO应急关断系统研究

FPSO既不同于船，也不同于井口平台。本文探讨了FPSO应急关断系统的设计原则和系统特点。     

涉外浮式生产储油轮建造管理——MODEC FPS0项目配管经验

结合MODEC项目实际生产与管理,介绍了项目配管投标和加设阶段涉外FPSO的生产注意事项.从项目投标阶段的界面澄清、技术文件澄清、采办范围、详细设计深度和特殊工艺要求、加设方针等方面详细介绍配管加设经验.分析了当上部模块由多家分包商承接建造时引申出的模块间工作界面及处理方法.介绍甄别业主提供的文件图纸哪些是加工设计基础的方法及详设文件中存在的典型问题,列举配管专业业主规格书中要求模糊的潜在工作量,针对涉外项目施工周期短,工作量大的特点提出了加设配管专业的工作方法.