Spatial distribution of cadmium over a cyclonic eddy in the southern East China Sea

Eddy systems are a unique ecosystem, usually having high biological masses and primary production in the sea. In this study, both particulate and dissolved phases of cadmium in the water column of 15 stations over a cyclonic eddy in the southern East China Sea were determined to obtain their spatial distributions. This allows us to confirm that cyclonic eddy systems play the role of a Cd pump in the sea.Results showed that particulate Cd (PCd) and dissolved Cd (DCd) concentrations in water varied greatly, ranging over two orders and one order of magnitude, respectively. Large spatial variability was found not only for PCd but also for DCd in the upper water, apparently due to the effects of the cyclonic eddy system on the Cd distributions over the study area. DCd accounts for about 99% of the total Cd. For the surface water, DCd concentration at the eddy center was about five times the average of the water surrounding the eddy center. The depth distributions of DCd exhibited a typical surface depletion and a subsequent increase with depth; however, the PCd distribution showed the opposite, i.e. a surface maximum and a subsequent decline with depth. In general, the DCd maxima were found at depths of 600–1000 m, agreeing well with the literature. It reflected the internal biogeochemical cycling of Cd in the water column, which was driven by the utilization of Cd by plankton in the euphotic zone and by the regeneration of Cd at depth. In addition, a remarkably high DCd concentration existed in near-bottom water around the cyclonic eddy center.The horizontal distributions of both PCd and DCd in the upper water shared a common feature with elevated concentrations centering around the eddy center and a decline in concentration with distance from the eddy center. This shows that the cyclonic eddy could bring up the Cd-rich deep water to the surface water around the eddy center and could then expand toward eddy's vicinity via advection–diffusion. It is thus likely that it produces ample biological masses over the eddy system. Hence, this work can demonstrate that the ascending nutrient-rich water driven by the cyclonic eddies can serve as an important source not only for many nutrients but also for Cd in the sea.     

镉致肝脂质过氧化及锌硒拮抗作用的研究

探索了镉致肝损伤的脂质过氧化机制及锌、硒单独和同时作用对镉致肝毒性的拮抗机理。结果表明，镉中毒组大鼠肝匀浆丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量、总超氧化物歧化酶活力（Ｔ－ＳＯＤ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）以及肝组织中锌、硒、镉三元素含量均与对照组有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），而镉锌组、镉硒组、镉锌硒组中上述各指标均与镉组有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；且显示肝组织中锌、硒、镉含量分别与组织Ｔ－ＳＯＤ活力、ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性及ＭＤＡ含量呈正相关关系（ｒ１＝０．８９４，Ｐ＜０．０５；ｒ２＝０．７８４、Ｐ＜０．０５；ｒ３＝０．８３２，Ｐ＜０．０５），提示锌、硒对镉所引起的肝的脂质过氧化具有拮抗作用。     

滑坡致环境镉污染的研究

调查发现山体滑坡引起天然水镉污染，源水镉的含量为０．５７～３．８８ｍｇ／Ｌ，下游水体、鱼类、土壤、农作物受到严重污染，人群健康受到镉危害。水镉污染稀释迁移规律曲线拟合方程呈双曲线，土壤和大米含量均高于对照区，血镉、尿镉和尿β２－ＭＧ水平与对照区比较明显升高，人群镉摄入量与尿镉排泄量呈正相关关系，血、尿镉和尿β２－ＭＧ三项指标间的二联指标阳性率明显高于对照区。     

锌,硒对镉致睾丸脂质过氧化损害的拮抗作用研究

探索了镉及锌、硒与之单独或同时给予时对大鼠睾丸组织的影响。研究表明，镉组各指标均与对照组有显著性差异；镉锌、镉锌硒、镉硒组血清丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量显著高于对照组，而血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性及睾丸组织总超氧化物歧化酶（Ｔ－ＳＯＤ）活力显著高于镉组；镉锌、镉硒组睾丸重量系数显著低于镉组；镉锌硒组血清Ｔ－ＳＯＤ活力及睾丸组织中ＭＤＡ含量与镉组有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），镉锌组睾丸组织ＭＤＡ含量仍高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果提示，镉可致睾丸组织脂质过氧化；锌、硒对此有拮抗作用，锌较硒作用弱，锌硒具联合拮抗作用。