集中质量对接触网仿真的影响研究

电气化铁道弓网动态受流一直是牵引供电系统的关键技术之一.建立高精度的接触网仿真模型,深入研究弓网的动态受流关系,是解决受流质量一个主要途径和方法.在接触网系统中,安装的定位器、定位管、线夹等零部件形成的荷载会影响接触悬挂的弹性,进而对弓网受流产生影响.此文在建立接触网仿真模型中,把零部件荷载视为集中质点,来研究接触悬挂模型的等效质量,进而研究集中质量对接触网仿真的影响.通过研究表明,集中质量的等效质量越大,集中质量处的接触压力越小;反之亦然;列车行驶速度越快,集中质量产生的影响越明显.     

基于遗传算法的车辆悬架系统等效物理参数识别

针对车辆悬架系统的功能及物理特性,以车轴的运动为系统输入,对复杂的整车行驶模型进行了合理简化。以某型专用越野车辆为例,建立了簧载质量的3自由度振动模型,推导了簧载质量任意位置处的加速度频响函数;利用汽车试验场道路测试数据,通过遗传算法编写VC程序进行了数据拟合,得到了悬架系统在不同路面工况下的等效物理参数。实际应用表明,拟合结果具有较高的可信度。     

高压气体长管半挂车车架高强度钢板强度等代设计

高压气体长管半挂车是输送高压气体的专用车辆,减小车架自重是提高单车运输效率的有效途径。对车架强度等代设计进行了研究,在车架结构优化的基础上用高强度钢板A610L代替原钢板16MnL,使车架重量减轻了455kg。强度等代设计后,车架强度余量增加,在实现轻量化的同时提高了车辆的安全性。     

改善轮轨接触状态的车轮型面几何设计方法

改进了车轮型面设计方法,给出了设计方法的解析数学表达式,将轮对等效锥度与轮轨型面接触状态联系起来,对设计实例进行了轮轨几何接触、非赫兹滚动接触和车辆动力学性能分析.研究结果表明:轮轨接触点能够均匀分散分布;由于接触斑面积增大约23%,最大接触压力降低约21%,使轮轨滚动接触应力降低了约20%;装备实例型面的车辆临界速度...     

一种桥梁桩基础空间刚度的模拟方法

为了准确模拟桩基础对桥梁结构的空间约束,在总结常用桩基模拟方法的基础上,提出一种新的等效结构来模拟群桩基础的空间刚度,然后采用基于WinKler假定的"m法",根据"柔度相等"的原则,推导出这种等效结构的相关参数,最后通过与常用模拟方式比较验证的方式,验证这种等效结构的准确性。研究表明:该种虚拟结构构造简单、建模方便,能够模拟桩基础的空间刚度,满足工程设计要求。     

基于等效应力的试验载荷谱开发与研究

以某型轿车稳定杆为研究对象,采集试车场道路载荷谱并对其进行统计分析,在传统基于广义力的载荷谱编制方法基础上,考虑结构的真实损伤计算,提出一种基于等效应力的编谱方法。通过CAE和台架试验验证可知,寿命与失效位置与实车路试结果基本一致。新方法相比传统方法能更准确预估损伤等效结果,减少试验频次,更快速地模拟出汽车结构件实际受载情况,试验加速效果明显。     

改进的等效线性化计算模型及在结构海床耦合系统动力分析中的应用

为探究结构-波浪-海床耦合系统的失稳破坏机理并建立能反映此机理的计算模型,将改进的哈丁模型引入等效线性化方法,使其能反映载荷频率、循环周次以及土体平均有效主应力等多因素的影响。该模型运用于结构-波浪-海床耦合系统的非线性动力响应分析,一方面与标准哈丁模型的计算结果以及在波浪水槽进行的模型实验进行了比较,另方面着重对土体模量退化以及接触面附近土体的强度软化进行了考察,获得了一些明确的认识。     

Ductile crack initiation behavior in steels with compressive prestrain

It is well known that compressive prestrain reduces ductility in steels. On the other hand, it has also been found that high stress triaxiality reduces equivalent plastic strain at the onset of ductile fracture. In this research, plate specimens and notched bar specimens, which were prestrained in compression with bending, were used in reversed bending tests, and the effect of compressive prestrain on ductile crack initiation in steels was investigated. It was found that small ductile cracks occurred from the microscopic wrinkles which were formed on the concave surface with compressive prestrain. The critical relationship between stress triaxiality and equivalent plastic strain at ductile crack initiation was investigated by finite-element analysis. It was found that ductile crack initiation in steels with compressive prestrain can be estimated qualitatively by the relationship between stress triaxiality and equivalent plastic strain.     

舰艇防护等级的等效厚度研究

简要回顾了舰用装甲结构形式的发展历程,提出了不同防护等级所对应的装甲结构形式应有不同的设计理念。为了更加规范化和方便评价防护效果,通过数值仿真将破片统一为10g或26g破片模拟弹,并将防护等级表示为均质钢板厚度,新的防护等级标准的概念更清晰、更简捷。     

Equivalent design pressure for ship plates subjected to moving slamming impact loads

When a ship navigates at sea, the slamming impact can generate significant load pulses which move up along the hull plating. The effect of the moving pressure has so far not been explicitly considered in the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships. Based on a modal superposition method and the Lagrange equation, this paper derives analytical solutions to study the elastic dynamic responses of fully clamped rectangular plates under moving pressure impact loads. The spatial variation of the moving slamming impact pressure is simplified to three types of impact loads, i.e. a rectangular pulse, a linearly decaying pulse and an exponentially decaying pulse. The dynamic responses of fully clamped rectangular plates under the moving slamming impact pressure are calculated in order to investigate the influence of the load pulse shapes and moving speed on the plate structural behaviour. It is found that the structural response of the plate increases with the increase of the moving speed. The response of the plate subjected to a moving pressure impact load is smaller than the case when the plate is subjected to a spatially uniform distributed impact load with the same load amplitude and load duration. In order to quantify the effect of the moving speed on the dynamic load, a Dynamic Moving Load Coefficient (DMLC) is introduced as the ratio between the dynamic load factor for the moving impact load and that under the spatially uniform distributed impact load. An expression for DMLC is proposed based on analyses of various scenarios using the developed analytical model. Finally an empirical formula which transforms the moving impact loads to an equivalent static load is proposed.