Investigation of tailpipe and evaporative emissions from China IV and Tier 2 passenger vehicles with different gasolines

The limited understanding of vehicular emissions in China, especially evaporative emissions, is one obstacle to establishing tighter standards. To evaluate tailpipe and evaporative emissions, two typical China IV vehicles and one Tier 2 vehicle with an onboard refuelling vapour recovery (ORVR) system were selected and tested. One of the China IV vehicles was fuelled with gasoline, E10 and M15, respectively, to investigate the effect of fuel properties on vehicular emissions. For each vehicle, cold-start tailpipe emission tests were conducted first, followed by an evaporation test. Based on the emission factors and real-world vehicle activity data, the annual tailpipe and evaporative hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of each vehicle were calculated and compared. The results show that E10 and M15 significantly reduced the tailpipe CO and particle number (PN) emissions but seriously aggravated the NOx emissions, especially for M15. The hot soak losses (HSLs) and diurnal breathing losses (DBLs) were slightly impacted by the fuel properties. The annual evaporative emissions with E10 and M15 were higher than that with gasoline. The ORVR system effectively controlled the evaporative emissions, especially for DBLs. Evaporative emissions from the China IV vehicles were 1.1–1.4 times the tailpipe HC emissions. Additionally, the evaporative emission factors of the China IV vehicles were almost 50% lower than the standard (2.0 g/test), whereas their annual evaporative emissions were almost 1.8–2.8 times higher than those from the Tier 2 vehicle. Therefore, controlling evaporative emissions currently remains a great need in China, and the ORVR might be a recommended evaporative control technology.     

Parametric study of the main parameters influencing the catalytic efficiency of a diesel oxidation catalyst: Parameters influencing the efficiency of a diesel catalyst

This work studies the impact of five parameters: CO and HC engine-out emissions, space velocity, average value and profile of exhaust temperature, on Diesel CO and HC tail-pipe emissions. The first part of this work is conducted on a reactor and shows that both HC and CO light-off temperature increases with CO and HC input concentration. CO and HC initial concentration influence the adsorption/desorption capacities of HC only at high temperatures. Space velocity also influences CO and HC conversion efficiency. The second part of this work studies the impact of different combinations of HC and CO engine-out emissions on CO and HC conversion and tail-pipe emissions in the case of New European Driving Cycle. This part proposes that a Diesel oxidation catalyst must be mainly studied at the Urban Part of NEDC, as the CO and HC conversions are very high at the extra-urban part of NEDC. CO and HC conversion efficiencies are also dependent on exhaust temperature and catalytic volume. In the case of two different profiles of exhaust temperature with the same average temperature, CO and HC conversion efficiency is lower in the case of the smoother profile.     

CCS水电站地下厂房围岩分类方法研究

以厄瓜多尔CCS水电站地下厂房为研究对象,在综合分析RMR法、Q系统法及水电HC法3种围岩分类的特点及适用范围的基础上,采用3种分类方法对CCS水电站地下厂房洞群围岩进行了分类,并对分类结果进行了对比分析,以RMR法、Q系统法和水电HC法分类结果为基础,采用专家经验对地下厂房围岩进行综合评判,得出各洞段的最终围岩等级。研究结果表明:3种方法分类结果相差较小,分类结果较为可靠;水电HC法以往在国内应用较多,同样适用于国外工程,值得进一步向国际工程推广应用。     

汽油发动机尾气的售后治理措施

汽油发动机尾气主要成分是CO、HC、NOx等,汽车尾气的治理是一个系统工程,在汽车服务领域对尾气的治理一般形成了规律性的治理方案和措施,尾气诊断仪能够实时检测汽车的污染物排放数据,同时还引导一线维修人员有针对性的治理尾气,实现了售后领域的维修过程、维修质量一系列的如实记载和跟踪,对提升服务质量和企业内部员工的技术素质起到了很好的设备保证,从汽车售后领域控制了汽车污染物的排放。     

基于MC68HC908JL3的LIN网络从机节点的软件开发

LIN是一种新型低成本汽车车身网络低端通讯协议。本文介绍用MC68HC908JL3单片机作为LIN网络从机节点微控制器的软件开发过程。试验结果表明,所开发的软件能完成LIN协议规范规定的通讯。     

基于MC68HC908GZ60电器装置板的研究与设计

介绍笔者722007年为陕汽德御系列车设计的一款中央电器装置板。该电器装置板和传统的电器装置板的区别是取消了传统电器装置板上的专用继电器,整个电器装置板上所有继电器为通用继电器,所有功能通过一个MCU控制,该微机接收开关和传感器信号以及来自于车辆电子控制器的CAN信号,输出经过电流放大后控制各功能通用继电器,完成整车电器的控制。具有成本低、运行可靠的特点,可以很方便地实现复杂的电气控制功能。     

汽油机冷起动过程中HC排放问题初探

阐述了汽油机冷起动过程中HC排放较高的原因，以及在降低HC排放的问题上主要采取的应对措施。     

气体燃料发动机排气道中HC氧化的CFD研究

利用计算流体力学(CFD)软件耦合详细化学反应机理对气体燃料发动机排气过程中未燃HC在排气道的氧化及对甲醛(CH2O)生成的影响进行了研究。研究表明,未燃HC在排气道存在氧化反应,浓度约减少30%;排气温度对HC氧化和CH2O生成有较大影响;CH2O对HC氧化有促进作用;HC的氧化会使CH2O浓度升高或降低,这取决于CH2O浓度与HC浓度的比值。     

冷却水温度对汽油机起动性能影响的试验研究

以不同发动机水温测试汽油发动机起动时的转速、喷油时间、当量比及HC的排放量,并对测试所得的数据进行处理分析,得出汽油发动机起动时冷却水温度和发动机性能及HC排放之间的关系．试验结果表明,在冷起动时HC的排放量大大高于热起动时HC的排放量,且在发动机水温低于70℃时,提高发动机冷却水温度能大幅减少HC的排放;在发动机水温度超过70℃时,提高发动机冷却水温度对减少HC的排放作用不大;提高发动机冷却水温度还有利于改善发动机的燃烧,从而提高其动力性和燃油经济性．     

满足第3阶段摩托车排放标准的排气后处理技术

摩托车要满足第3阶段排放标准需要解决冷起动时HC的排放问题。根据欧美各大公司对汽车冷起动排放控制的实践来看,一般单独的快速起燃技术和HC捕集催化技术就可以胜任。密耦型催化净化器和HC捕集催化剂有望成为我国摩托车满足第3阶段排放控制的主流技术。