大直径泥水平衡盾构浅覆土始发数值分析

依托新建京张铁路清华园隧道工程,使用有限差分软件对大直径泥水平衡盾构的浅覆土始发掘进进行数值模拟。结果表明,未加固地层条件下,盾构始发时开挖面无法自稳。通过对比分析不同加固范围条件下洞门中心土体的挤出变形以及地表沉降变化规律,提出盾构始发地层加固的最佳范围,并获得在该加固范围下土体扰动引起的地表位移分布特征。     

软弱富水地层浅埋暗挖隧道地表沉降和支护结构受力的模型试验

以莞惠城际轨道交通工程项目GZH-5标段中DK32+300~DK32+927.303段为背景,通过2组模型试验,其中一组无超前注浆,另一组进行超前注浆,研究软弱富水地层浅埋暗挖隧道地表沉降和支护结构受力规律及超前注浆对其受力变形造成的影响,最后,针对软弱富水地层浅埋暗挖隧道施工,提出几点隧道工程设计和施工的相关建议。     

近距大跨超浅埋双洞分修隧道穿越铁路施工技术

杭州解放路延伸线新城隧道采用左、右线双洞分修型式，具有埋深浅、跨度大、间距小的特点，穿越地层地质差，同时需下穿既有沪杭铁路线，施工技术含量极高。文章介绍了穿越铁路段施工中采用的综合技术及相应的针对性辅助施工措施，结合监测信息反馈，分析阐释了浅埋暗挖法及其综合配套技术在施工实际中的成功应用，具有重要的现实意义。     

超浅埋暗挖矩形隧道设计

南京地铁鼓楼站D2出入口通道，覆土厚仅1.3～1.6m，且通道上方有电缆线、给水管等。结合该工程对明挖顺作法和浅埋暗挖法两种方案进行了比较，拟采用浅埋暗挖法。介绍了其结构设计及计算，施工方法及措施要点。该通道已顺利完成，既未影响中央路的正常交通，而且地面沉降、结构变形、工期、防水均满足要求，且其设计施工经验已成功用于其他车站出入口通道的施工。     

Unsteady finite-depth effects during resistance tests on a ship model in a towing tank

This paper covers an extension of the study of Doctors et al. (J Ship Res 52(4):263–273, 2008) on oscillations in wave resistance during the constant-velocity phase of a towing-tank resistance test on a ship model to the case of relatively shallow water. We demonstrate here that the unsteady effects are very prominent and that it is essentially impossible to achieve a steady-state resistance curve in a towing tank of typical proportions for a water-depth-to-model-length ratio of 0.25. This statement is particularly true in the speed region near a depth Froude number of unity. However, on the positive side, we show here that an application of unsteady linearized wave-resistance theory provides an excellent prediction of the measured total resistance, when one accounts for the form factor in the usual manner. Finally, a simple application of the results to the planning and analysis of towing-tank tests is presented.     

时间反演在浅海波导环境中的应用研究

本文基于伪谱方法对浅海波导环境中的时间反演聚焦和时间反演主动声纳进行了计算，给出了声源频率为100Hz的正演和反演声场分布的演化过程。     

Modelling navigation in muddy areas through captive model tests

Many access channels and harbours suffer from sedimentation and formation of mud layers. To keep navigation safe and economic, extensive maintenance dredging is needed. Until now, the required level of dredging has always been determined by making use of the physical characteristics of the mud layer, which does not necessarily result in efficient dredging. Ship behaviour also matters, and knowledge of ship manoeuvrability can help to redefine the level of dredging required. A mathematical model of manoeuvring for simulation purposes, based on a comprehensive series of captive model tests, is presented, along with a selection of results.     

皮匠沟一号隧道塌方原因分析与处理

襄渝铁路二线皮匠沟一号隧道临近既有襄渝线新桥二号隧道左侧,线间距为32～15m,塌方段线间距仅15m,埋深2.1～7.6m。介绍从发现皮匠沟一号隧道局部开裂到初支开裂形成塌方的全过程,分析塌方的原因,提出安全可靠的塌方处理措施。处理过程中,未影响既有线结构安全,顺利完成了塌方段施工。     

Management of coastal eutrophication: Integration of field data, ecosystem-scale simulations and screening models

A hybrid approach for eutrophication assessment in estuarine and coastal ecosystems is presented. The ASSETS screening model (http://www.eutro.org) classifies eutrophication status into five classes: High (better), Good, Moderate, Poor and Bad (worse). This model was applied to a dataset from a shallow coastal barrier island system in southwest Europe (Ria Formosa), with a resulting score of Good. A detailed dynamic model was developed for this ecosystem, and the outputs were used to drive the screening model. Four scenarios were run on the research model: pristine, standard (simulates present loading), half and double the current nutrient loading. The Ria Formosa has a short water residence time and eutrophication symptoms are not apparent in the water column. However, benthic symptoms are expressed as excessive macroalgal growth and strong dissolved oxygen fluctuations in the tide pools. The standard simulation results showed an ASSETS grade identical to the field data application. The application of the screening model to the other scenario outputs showed the responsiveness of ASSETS to changes in pressure, state and response, scoring a grade of High under pristine conditions, Good for half the standard scenario and Moderate for double the present loadings. The use of this hybrid approach allows managers to test the outcome of measures against a set of well-defined metrics for the evaluation of state. It additionally provides a way of testing and improving the pressure component of ASSETS. Sensitivity analysis revealed that sub-sampling the output of the research model at a monthly scale, typical for the acquisition of field data, may significantly affect the outcome of the screening model, by overlooking extreme events such as occasional night-time anoxia in tide pools.     

浅层压浆技术在提高沥青混凝土路面强度中的应用

重点介绍浅层压浆技术在惠河高速公路提高沥青砼路面强度中的实践应用，解决了路面结构强度不足的问题，保证了行车舒适性和安全性。该施工工艺费用低、操作简单、工效高。