铁路建设工程措施项目计价的探讨

在叙述＂2008《计价规范》＂措施项目意义和有关内容及计价方式的基础上,针对其存在的不足进行分析与探讨,提出铁路建设工程措施项目计价的改进建议,即实行工程实体费用与工程措施费用相分离,将＂113号文＂中的综合指标、《计价指南》中的综合单价涉及措施项目的费用剥离出来单列为措施项目费,按＂2008《计价规范》＂4.1.4条...     

浅析2013版建设工程工程量清单计价计量规范的变化和特点

在工程建设中,为全过程控制工程造价,2012年12月25日发布的2013版《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》和各专业工程量计算规范,制定了一序列管理条文,建立起从招投标到竣工结算的工程造价全过程管理机制.为便于新计价、计量规范的贯彻执行,此文将2013版规范与2003版规范和2008版规范进行对比分析,进一步介绍2013版规范修改、完善和增加的内容及特点.推动2013版规范在建设工程中的应用.     

工程造价推行工程量清单计价问题分析

工程建设实行工程量清单计价后,如何按照建筑市场要求从根本上解决定价和工程造价管理是一个重要课题,因此,有必要从工程量清单和工程量清单报价的相关特点方面对此进行分析与探讨,并通过分析与研究,提出实施工程量清单报价的方法、步骤和工程量清单计价模式下分阶段进行工程造价管理与控制的方法,并对其工程造价管理工作如何开展进行论证,为进一步推行制度改革提供思路,为控制工程造价提供借鉴,以促进工程建设的顺利进行。     

Door-to-door travel times in RP departure time choice models: An approximation method using GPS data

A common way to determine values of travel time and schedule delay is to estimate departure time choice models, using stated preference (SP) or revealed preference (RP) data. The latter are used less frequently, mainly because of the difficulties to collect the data required for the model estimation. One main requirement is knowledge of the (expected) travel times for both chosen and unchosen departure time alternatives. As the availability of such data is limited, most RP-based scheduling models only take into account travel times on trip segments rather than door-to-door travel times, or use very rough measures of door-to-door travel times. We show that ignoring the temporal and spatial variation of travel times, and, in particular, the correlation of travel times across links may lead to biased estimates of the value of time (VOT). To approximate door-to-door travel times for which no complete measurement is possible, we develop a method that relates travel times on links with continuous speed measurements to travel times on links where relatively infrequent GPS-based speed measurements are available. We use geographically weighted regression to estimate the location-specific relation between the speeds on these two types of links, which is then used for travel time prediction at different locations, days, and times of the day. This method is not only useful for the approximation of door-to-door travel times in departure time choice models, but is generally relevant for predicting travel times in situations where continuous speed measurements can be enriched with GPS data.     

Embedding risk attitude and decision weights in non-linear logit to accommodate time variability in the value of expected travel time savings

In recent years we have seen important extensions of logit models in behavioural research such as incorporation of preference and scale heterogeneity, attribute processing heuristics, and estimation of willingness to pay (WTP) in WTP space. With rare exception, however, a non-linear treatment of the parameter set to allow for behavioural reality, such as embedded risk attitude and perceptual conditioning of occurrence probabilities attached to specific attributes, is absent. This is especially relevant to the recent focus in travel behaviour research on identifying the willingness to pay for reduced travel time variability, which is the source of estimates of the value of trip reliability that has been shown to take on an increasingly important role in project appraisal. This paper incorporates, in a generalised non-linear (in parameters) logit model, alternative functional forms for perceptual conditioning (known as probability weighting) and risk attitude in the utility function to account for travel time variability, and then derives an empirical estimate of the willingness to pay for trip time variability-embedded travel time savings as an alternative to separate estimates of time savings and trip time reliability. We illustrate the richness of the approach using a stated choice data set for commuter choice between unlabelled attribute packages. Statistically significant risk attitude parameters and parameters underlying decision weights are estimated for multinomial logit and mixed multinomial logit models, along with values of expected travel time savings.     

浅析铁路建设工程工程量清单计价模式

随着我国建筑行业的快速发展，工程造价管理模式不断演进，2012年12月25日发布的2013版《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》，为全过程控制工程造价发挥了重要作用。此文在阐述铁路建设工程工程量清单计价模式及与《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》费用类别划分和对应关系的基础上，进一步阐述铁路建设工程工程量清单计价存在的弊端，并提出解决所存在问题的方法和措施。以适应工程建设和建筑市场的需求。     

基于BP神经网络的二手船价格评估研究

二手船价格是买卖二手船决策过程中非常关键的因素。为了准确地估算二手船价格,利用BP神经网络的高度非线性运算能力以及通过学习样本数据即可对事物复杂内在规律进行精确计算的特点,将BP神经网络应用于二手船价格的估算。利用从克拉克松获取的2009年到2012年120个灵便型干散货船交易数据,建立了基于船龄、船舶载重吨(DWT)、新造船价格和一年期期租费率的BP神经网络模型,网络输出结果与二手船实际交易价格的相对误差率在10%以内。     

Valuing Estuarine Resource Services Using Economic and Ecological Models: The Peconic Estuary System Study

This article summarizes four integrated economic studies undertaken to contribute to resource preservation and restoration decisions for the Peconic Estuary System of Suffolk County, NY. Completed as part of the National Estuary Program, the studies apply distinct resource valuation methods to a wide range of resource issues. The principal goals of this article are to highlight different methodologies that may be used to assess nonmarket economic values in a coastal management context, and characterize differences in the results that one may expect from each approach. We also emphasize potential relationships among values estimated by different nonmarket methodologies, and comment on the implications of these relationships for the interpretation and use of economic value estimates.     

比对试验在公路建设上的运用

比对试验是评价检测机构试验能力与数据可靠性的一种有效手段。文章以水泥性能检测为例,介绍了比对试验在检测机构中的应用情况,提出通过推行盲样比对试验的方法,对交通建设检测机构进行有效控制的建议。     

Over-reporting vs. overreacting: Commuters’ perceptions of travel times

In a large-scale, real-life peak avoidance experiment, we asked participants to provide estimates of their average in-vehicle travel time during their morning commute. After comparing the reported travel times with the actual corresponding travel times, we found that the average travel times were overstated by a factor of 1.5. We showed that driver- and link-specific characteristics partially explained these exaggerations. Using the stated and revealed preference data, we investigated whether the driver-specific reporting errors were consistent with the drivers’ scheduling behaviors in reality and in hypothetical choice experiments. In both cases, we found no robust evidence that drivers behave as if they misperceive travel times to a similar extent as those they misreported, thereby implying that the reported travel times did not represent the actual or perceived travel times in a truthful manner. The results of this study suggest that caution should be recommended when reported travel time data are used in an uncritical manner during transport research and when determining policy.