纤维沥青混凝土试验及应用

对国道106线衡水北段纤维沥青混凝土试验中所采用不同类型纤维及纤维用量的沥青混合料马歇尔试验结果进行研究,分析纤维对沥青混合料马歇尔试验结果的影响及原因,从中得出纤维沥青混合料马歇尔指标的变化规律,为纤维沥青混凝土路面结构的设计和施工提供参考依据,并为推广纤维沥青混凝土路面结构做出尝试。     

Experimental and empirical investigations of traffic flow instability

Traffic instability is an important but undesirable feature of traffic flow. This paper reports our experimental and empirical studies on traffic flow instability. We have carried out a large scale experiment to study the car-following behavior in a 51-car-platoon. The experiment has reproduced the phenomena and confirmed the findings in our previous 25-car-platoon experiment, i.e., standard deviation of vehicle speeds increases in a concave way along the platoon. Based on our experimental results, we argue that traffic speed rather than vehicle spacing (or density) might be a better indicator of traffic instability, because vehicles can have different spacing under the same speed. For these drivers, there exists a critical speed between 30 km/h and 40 km/h, above which the standard deviation of car velocity is almost saturated (flat) along the 51-car-platoon, indicating that the traffic flow is likely to be stable. In contrast, below this critical speed, traffic flow is unstable and can lead to the formation of traffic jams. Traffic data from the Nanjing Airport Highway support the experimental observation of existence of a critical speed. Based on these findings, we propose an alternative mechanism of traffic instability: the competition between stochastic factors and the so-called speed adaptation effect, which can better explain the concave growth of speed standard deviation in traffic flow.     

Hydroelastic analysis of oblique irregular waves with a pontoon-type VLFS edged with dual inclined perforated plates

The fluid-structure interaction of oblique irregular waves with a pontoon-type very large floating structure (VLFS) edged with dual horizontal/inclined perforated plates has been investigated in the context of the direct time domain modal expansion theory. For the hydroelastic analysis, the boundary element method (BEM) based on time domain Kelvin sources is implemented to establish water wave model including the viscous effect of the perforated plates through the Darcy’s law, and the finite element method (FEM) is adopted for solving the deflections of the VLFS modeled as an equivalent Mindlin thick plate. In order to enhance the computing efficiency, the interpolation-tabulation scheme is applied to assess rapidly and accurately the free-surface Green function and its partial derivatives in finite water depth, and the boundary integral equation of a half or quarter VLFS model is further established taking advantage of symmetry of flow field and structure. Also, the numerical solutions are validated against a series of experimental tests. In the comparison, the empirical relationship between the actual porosity and porous parameter is successfully applied. Numerical solutions and model tests are executed to determine the hydroelastic response characteristics of VLFS with an attached anti-motion device. This study examines the effects of porosity, submerged depth, inclined angle and gap distance of such dual perforated anti-motion plates on the hydroelastic response to provide information regarding the optimal design. The effects of oblique wave angle on the performance of anti-motion and hydroelastic behavior of VLFS are also emphatically examined.     

聚脂纤维沥青混合料性能的试验研究

在沥青混合料中掺加聚脂纤维,通过室内试验对沥青混合料的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性、水稳定性等路用性能进行研究,对试验得出的各项路用性能指标进行有针对性的分析,得出加入聚脂纤维能有效改善沥青混合料的路用性能,但在使用上应根据具体工程的交通条件和气候条件,通过试验进行科学的选择.     

Orana44双体帆船阻力计算与分析

Maxsurf软件是由澳大利亚Formation Design Systems公司为船舶设计和建造者开发的、适用于各种船舶设计、分析和建造的一套非常完整的计算机辅助船舶设计和建造软件。文章以Fountain Pajot公司的Orana44双体帆船为例,讨论了Maxsurf软件对双体帆船阻力计算是否依然适用,并将Maxsurf软件中的Hullspeed模块的计算结果与循环水池试验的结果进行了对比。同时,将计算出的不同速度下的所需动力值与已知的资料进行对比。通过对比分析发现,利用Maxsurf软件计算得到的阻力值较为合理的反映出了双体帆船的实际阻力性能,可以为双体帆船的阻力计算提供了有价值的参考。     

材料科学基础实验创新研究

江苏2008高考新方案从出台到审核,都引起空前的争议,褒扬和贬斥之声都有,江苏高考的改革也再次引起人们的关注,这不由让人想起四年前江苏的"3 2"高考制度改革。作为该制度的第一届被选拔者,同时作为该制度第一届本科毕业生,本文结合自身对高考制度的理解,结合大学对中学人才培养的要求,结合高考的公平性原则等,分析了"3 2"制度本身存在的一些问题。     

42 CrMo零件热处理工艺参数的试验研究

在铁路柴油机检修非标设备设计制造中,为满足不同种类42CrMo零件特殊工况的使用要求,通过试验方法调整并最终确定其热处理工艺参数,实现零件强度及韧性的良好匹配,充分发挥42CrMo中碳合金钢所具有的优良综合机械性能。     

振动碾压水泥混凝土路面研究与实践

RCCP(即振动碾压水泥混凝土路面施工)以其特有的优点被人们所重视,与普通水泥混凝土相比,RCCP具有可靠、方便、低成本,混凝土强度高等优点,并显著提高经济效率和促进混凝土路面施工技术的改进。随着科技的发展,从事这方面研究的国家越来越多,相信在今后的若干年内,RCCP的研究、设计和施工将会有更大的发展。本文是对RCCP研究与实践的部分粗浅结论。     

基于正交试验设计的薄壁结构耐撞性优化设计

为了提高薄壁结构的耐撞性能,本文提出了一种高效的设计方法:。利用二次回归正交组合试验设计方案来选取设计点,在设计点处用有限元法代替传统试验来获取试验数据。然后通过最小二乘法建立了刚性墙最大位移、撞击力峰值和总质量的高精度响应面。综合考虑厚度的变化范围、安全性和轻量化要求,运用可行方向法对建立的响应面进行优化计算,得到了一组最优值。结果:表明本文的设计方法:具有很高的精度和计算效率,实现了提高薄壁结构耐撞性的目的:。同时也为车身复杂结构(如前纵梁、吸能盒等)的耐撞性设计提供理论依据和参考方法:。     

新恩铁路风沙路基平面防护工程试验研究

新恩铁路穿越毛乌素沙漠的活动沙丘和半固定沙丘。为防止铁路路基在风季遭受沙埋,需在路基两侧设置平面防护工程。根据气象风沙监测的结果,选取有代表性的路基地段,分别进行机械固沙辅以植物防护及栽种树枝沙障固沙的现场试验研究。试验结果表明:在流动沙丘段设置规格为1 m×1 m、高度为0.25 m的经编防风固沙网格,网格内种植灌木,并于迎风侧最外侧设置2排高度为1.5 m的高立式沙障;在半固定沙丘试验段选择直径不小于10 mm、长度为55 cm的沙柳树枝沙障固沙(沙柳不小于70%的成活率),并于迎风侧最外侧设高立式沙障。经现场监测,两种措施均能有效降低风速,减少输沙量,达到防沙治沙效果。通过试验,制定了本线风沙路基平面防护的主要措施并推广应用。现铁路已通车多年,防沙效果良好。