沥青砼路面及压实参数的设备选择

本文介绍了沥青砼路面碾压设备的正确选择及使用以及影响沥青材料碾压效果的主要因素,提出了碾压沥青材料应注意的问题.     

船用防避台风决策系统基本技术

运用相对运动原理求出船舶避离台风的基础可航扇区；根据预报的风浪场，计算出产生船舶“谐摇”的扇区；根据船舶性能和波浪预报，用等航时线法求出最少航时扇区；采用最优控制理论，在基础可航扇区内剔除“谐摇”扇区，并与最少航时扇区进行优化，最终得到既安全又省时的船舶避离台风的最佳可航扇区。把防避台风的整个决策过程开发成业务化的软件包，从技术上帮助船长加快避台决策速度，提高避台实施精度，达到安全经济的防避台风的目的。     

基于蠕滑机理的重载货车车轮磨耗研究

在多体动力学分析软件包SIMPACK中建立重载货车动力学模型,基于轮轨蠕滑机理在MATLAB软件中编制车轮踏面磨耗仿真程序WWS.根据车轮磨耗仿真结果和现场实测结果对Zobory磨耗模型进行修正.研究车辆非理想状态对车轮磨耗的影响,分析轮轨型面和转向架结构对车辆非理想状态的适应性.通过钢轨表面滚动接触疲劳损伤特征的研究,对车轮滚动接触疲劳和磨耗耦合关系进行数值模拟.主要研究内容和结论如下.     

整车滑行阻力理论计算方法

通过对预研车型子系统如风阻、重量、轮胎滚阻系数等目标参数进行分析,结合参考车型道路滑行和转鼓滑行的试验数据,利用汽车相关理论原理,提出了三种计算预研车型的理论滑行阻力的方法,用于前期仿真和排放试验摸底。     

车辆行驶工况滚动阻力系数的测定

分析了车辆滚动阻力系数的影响因素，论述了车辆行驶速度对滚阻力系数的影响。依据车辆行驶的功率平衡原理，提出了滚动阻力系数的测试方法及测试时应注意的问题。并对实车测试值与经验公式估算值进行了比较。     

A rolling horizon algorithm for auto-carrier transportation

This paper introduces a rolling horizon algorithm to plan the delivery of vehicles to automotive dealers by a heterogeneous fleet of auto-carriers. The problem consists in scheduling the deliveries over a multiple-day planning horizon during which requests for transportation arrive dynamically. In addition, the routing of the auto-carriers must take into account constraints related to the loading of the vehicles on the carriers. The objective is to minimize the sum of traveled distances, fixed costs for auto-carrier operation, service costs, and penalties for late deliveries. The problem is solved by a heuristic that first selects the vehicles to be delivered in the next few days and then optimizes the deliveries by an iterated local search procedure. A branch-and-bound search is used to check the feasibility of the loading. To handle the dynamic nature of the problem, the complete algorithm is applied repeatedly in a rolling horizon framework. Computational results on data from a major European logistics service provider show that the heuristic is fast and yields significant improvements compared to the sequential solution of independent daily problems.     

Passenger oriented railway disruption management by adapting timetables and rolling stock schedules

In passenger railway operations, unforeseen events require railway operators to adjust their timetable and their resource schedules. The passengers will also adapt their routes to their destinations. When determining the new timetable and rolling stock schedule, the railway operator has to take passenger behavior into account. The operator should increase the capacity of trains for which the operator expects more demand than on a regular day. Furthermore, the operator could increase the frequency of the trains that serve stations with an additional demand.This paper describes a real-time disruption management approach which integrates the rescheduling of the rolling stock and the timetable by taking the changed passenger demand into account. The timetable decisions are limited to additional stops of trains at stations at which they normally would not call. Several variants of the approach are suggested, with the difference in how to determine which additional stops should be executed.Real-time rescheduling requires fast solutions. Therefore a heuristic approach is used. We demonstrate the performance of the several variants of our algorithm on realistic instances of Netherlands Railways, the major railway operator in the Netherlands.     

Integrated vehicle and powertrain optimization for passenger vehicles with vehicle-infrastructure communication

This research proposes an optimal controller to improve fuel efficiency for a vehicle equipped with automatic transmission traveling on rolling terrain without the presence of a close preceding vehicle. Vehicle acceleration and transmission gear position are optimized simultaneously to achieve a better fuel efficiency. This research leverages the emerging Connected Vehicle technology and utilizes present and future information—such as real-time dynamic speed limit, vehicle speed, location and road topography—as optimization input. The optimal control is obtained using the Relaxed Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle. The benefit of the proposed optimal controller is significant compared to the regular cruise control and other eco-drive systems. It varies with the hill length, grade, and the number of available gear positions. It ranges from an increased fuel saving of 18–28% for vehicles with four-speed transmission and 25–45% for vehicles with six-speed transmission. The computational time for the optimization is 1.0–2.1 s for the four-speed vehicle and 1.8–3.9 s for the six-speed vehicle, given a 50 s optimization time horizon and 0.1 s time step. The proposed controller can potentially be used in real-time.     

无核密度仪在沥青路面施工中的应用

文章通过对美国产PQI-301路面无核密度仪的应用,介绍了其标定的具体方法及其对沥青路面施工过程中的碾压工艺的确定、压实度的测定及在路面离析情况分析中的作用。     

利用差速器原理制造轮辋滚形机

分析表明，保证滚轧时最大压力处的线速度基本一致，以减少轮钢四角处磨损，是保证车轮产品质量的重要因素。参照国外资料，设计了一种利用差速器制造的轮耦没形机，介绍了演形机和差速器的结构，并对这种结构的原理进行了论述。实际使用表明，这种滚形机谈出的轮辋表面质量及圆度好，能符合轮辋体断面标准几何形状的要求。