考虑预应力损失的混凝土梁徐变计算方法

将按龄期调整的有效模量法与有限元法相结合,建立预应力混凝土梁桥徐变计算结构分析模型。模型考虑预应力束对结构整体刚度的贡献及预应力损失和徐变变形的相互影响,较准确的实现施工过程中、长期荷载作用下的徐变计算。根据此模型编制预应力混凝土梁桥徐变计算有限元程序,对小凌河特大桥32m预应力混凝土箱梁进行计算。程序计算结果与实桥试验结果吻合较好,能较好地反映桥梁上拱及徐变应变。     

Design,analysis and performance evaluation of a third order distributed protocol for platooning in the presence of time-varying delays and switching topologies

This paper is concerned with the problem of designing a decentralized consensus protocol for platooning of non-identical vehicles in the presence of heterogeneous time-varying communication delays. The proposed control protocol makes use of a state feedback and to this aim drivetrain dynamics are modeled as third-order linear systems. Necessary and sufficient conditions for convergence and exponential stability, derived by using an appropriate Krasovskii functional, demonstrate the ability of the platoon in reaching the required regime with an exponentially bounded behavior. The proposed LMI-based approach allows to estimate both delay margin and decay rate. Moreover, convergence is proven under switching communication network topologies by means of a Lyapunov-Razumikhin function, and the assessment of a string stable behavior has been also theoretically investigated. High-fidelity simulations with Plexe show the effectiveness of the theoretical results in different driving conditions and in the presence of external disturbances and communication impairment. Different communication channel models are used in the validation stage to further prove robustness of the proposed methodology with respect hard delay and packets losses.     

Experimental investigation on vortex-induced force of a Steel Catenary Riser under in-plane vessel motion

A method to identify vortex-induced forces and coefficients from measured strains of a Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) undergoing vessel motion-induced Vortex-induced Vibration (VIV) is proposed. Euler–Bernoulli beam vibration equations with time-varying tension is adopted to describe the out-of-plane VIV responses. Vortex-induced forces are reconstructed via inverse analysis method, and the Forgetting Factor Least Squares (FF-LS) method is employed to identify time-varying vortex-induced force coefficients, including excitation coefficients and added mass coefficients. The method is verified via a finite element analysis procedure in commercial software Orcaflex. The time-varying excitation coefficients and added mass coefficients of an SCR undergoing vessel motion-induced VIV are investigated. Results show that vessel motion-induced VIV is excited at the middle or lower part of the SCR and in the acceleration period of in-plane velocity, where most of the excitation coefficients are positive, while during the deceleration period, the excitation coefficients becomes too small to excite VIVs. Parameter γ [1] has strong correlation with excitation coefficients. In addition, time-varying tensions contribute significantly to the variations of added mass coefficients under the condition that the ratio of dynamic top tension to pretension exceeds the range of 0.7–1.3. Moreover, chaotic behaviors are observed in vortex-induced force coefficients and are more evident with the increase of vessel motion velocity. This behavior may attribute to the randomness existing in in-plane velocity and its coupling with out-of-plane vibrations.     

Analysis of collapse resistance of offshore rigid frame - Continuous girder bridge based on time-varying fragility

In service period, the key to ensure the service performance of bridge is to control its material durability damage and continuous collapse better. Nowadays, most anti - collapse analysis under earthquake is for the frame structure, the theory and method of anti - collapse analysis of bridge is not systematically summarized. Taking a 4 - span rigid frame - continuous girder bridge in offshore seismic prone region as an example, a new quantitative criterion for collapse resistance was proposed based on theoretical fragility, reliability theory and concept removal method of components, which is suitable for the example bridge. The results show that the time-varying durability damage and time-varying bond - slip effect on mechanical properties of materials can't be ignored in service period; the fragility and importance coefficient increase with service life, while the robustness coefficient decreases with service life, the different optimization algorithms all improve their corresponding parameters; when the bridge reaches its designed service life, its robustness coefficient is about 25% of that of the new, when the bridge exceeds the designed service life, its robustness coefficient decay rate is low, and the residual robustness coefficient is about 18%, the bridge still has certain anti - collapse performance.     

面向O-D时变需求的城轨列车运行计划优化方法

面向城轨客流时变需求,在给定乘客服务水平的限制下,耦合出行需求与列车始发时间,优化城轨线路列车运行计划,使得列车对数和列车车底数最小化。以具有单一尽头车场的列车运行计划优化问题为研究背景,将该问题分解为列车时刻表优化子问题和列车周转方案优化子问题。针对列车时刻表优化子问题,提出基于时刻表的客流分配方法,构建相应的列车时刻表优化模型,并设计列车时刻表双向关联序列化优化算法;针对列车周转方案优化子问题,建立相应的列车周转方案优化指派模型,同时设计求解该模型的匈牙利算法。算例分析表明:本优化产生的列车运行计划,在满足乘客服务水平的基础上,最大限度地降低了列车运行成本,依次使得列车对数、列车车底数最少,证明模型和算法的有效性。     

区域中心模式下AFC设备监控系统设计与实现

设计一种轨道交通监控系统,既能监控AFC设备的运转,又能方便运营人员的日常管理以及维修人员的故障诊断。首先调查AFC系统现状,分析区域线路中心的管理模式,进而对AFC设备监控系统中数据的存储与管理进行研究,运用公共对象请求代理体系结构(CORBA)通信技术解决与终端设备的通信问题,最后利用组态软件对系统进行设计实现。实践证明,该AFC设备监控系统稳定可靠,能以组态的形式对AFC设备进行监控,满足功能系统要求。     

Time-varying effects of influential factors on incident clearance time using a non-proportional hazard-based model

Incident clearance time is a major performance measure of the traffic emergency management. A clear understanding of the contributing factors and their effects on incident clearance time is essential for optimal incident management resource allocations. Most previous studies simply considered the average effects of the influential factors. Although the time-varying effects are also important for incident management agencies, they were not sufficiently investigated. To fill up the gap, this study develops a non-proportional hazard-based duration model for analyzing the time-varying effects of influential factors on incident clearance time. This study follows a systematic approach incorporating the following three procedures: proportionality test, model development/estimation, and effectiveness test. Applying the proposed model to the 2009 Washington State Incident Tracking System data, five factors were found to have significant but constant (or time independent) effects on the clearance time, which is similar to the findings from previous studies. However, our model also discovered thirteen variables that have significant time-varying impacts on clearance hazard. These factors cannot be identified through the conventional methods used in most previous studies. The influential factors are investigated from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. The population average effect evaluation provides the macroscopic insight and benefits long-term incident management, and the time-dependent pattern identification offers microscopic and time-sequential insight and benefits the specific incident clearance process.     

Marginal cost congestion pricing based on the network fundamental diagram

Congestion pricing schemes have been traditionally derived based on analytical representations of travel demand and traffic flows, such as in bottleneck models. A major limitation of these models, especially when applied to urban networks, is the inconsistency with traffic dynamics and related phenomena such as hysteresis and the capacity drop. In this study we propose a new method to derive time-varying tolling schemes using the concept of the Network Fundamental Diagram (NFD). The adopted method is based on marginal cost pricing, while it also enables to account realistically for the dynamics of large and heterogeneous traffic networks. We derive two alternative cordon tolls using network-aggregated traffic flow conditions: a step toll that neglects the spatial distribution of traffic by simply associating the marginal costs of any decrease in production within the NFD to the surplus of traffic; and a step toll that explicitly accounts for how network performance is also influenced by the spatial variance in a 3D-NFD. This pricing framework is implemented in the agent-based simulation model MATSim and applied to a case study of the city of Zurich. The tolling schemes are compared with a uniform toll, and they highlight how the inhomogeneous distribution of traffic may compromise the effectiveness of cordon tolls.     

Short-term traffic flow prediction using time-varying Vasicek model

This paper provides a two-step approach based on the stochastic differential equations (SDEs) to improve short-term prediction. In the first step of this framework, a Hull-White (HW) model is applied to obtain a baseline prediction model from previous days. Then, the extended Vasicek model (EV) is employed for modeling the difference between observations and baseline predictions (residuals) during an individual day. The parameters of this time-varying model are estimated at each sample using the residuals in a short duration of time before the time point of prediction; so it provides a real time prediction. The extracted model recovers the valuable local variation information during each day. The performance of our method in comparison with other methods improves significantly in terms of root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean relative error (MRE) for real data from Tehran’s highways and the open-access PeMS database. We also demonstrate that the proposed model is appropriate for imputing the missing data in traffic dataset and it is more efficient than the probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) and k-Nearest neighbors (k-NN) methods.     

Time-dependent drivers’ merging behavior model in work zone merging areas

This study investigates the drivers’ merging behavior in work zone merging areas during the entire merging implementation period from the time of starting a merging maneuver to that of completing the maneuver. With the actual work zone merging traffic data, we propose a time-dependent logistic regression model considering the possible time-varying effects of influencing factors, and a standard logistic regression model for the purpose of model comparison. Model comparison results show that the time-dependent model performs better than the standard model because the former can provide higher prediction accuracy. The time-dependent model results show that seven factors exhibit time-varying effects on the drivers’ merging behavior, including merging vehicle speed, through lane lead vehicle speed and through lane lag vehicle speed, longitudinal gap between the merging and lead vehicles, longitudinal gap between the merging and through lane lead vehicles, types of through lane lead and through lane lag vehicles. Interestingly, both the through lane lead vehicle speed and the through lane lag vehicle speed are found to exhibit heterogeneous effects at different times of the merging implementation period. One important finding from this study is that the merging vehicle has a decreasing willingness to take the choice of “complete a merging maneuver” as the elapsed time increases if the through lane lead vehicle is a heavy vehicle.