The Teachable Moments on Marine Mammal Tours: Watching versus Swim-With Tours

With the continuing growth of the tourism industry over recent decades, has come a change in tourist behavior from the traditional stereotypical 3-S tourist (sun, sand, sex) to an increasingly sophisticated and demanding tourist. These “new” tourists like to learn about history, nature, and wildlife, and they expect an educational component on wildlife tours. This study investigated swim-with-dolphin tours in Kaikoura, New Zealand with regard to the educational content and the overall anatomy of these tours, using data from observations on a total of 32 tours during December 2011. The resulting data were then compared with the data from Hrycik and Forestell's study, which investigated the content of questions asked by passengers on whale-watching tours in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Results of the on-tour observations indicate that the surveyed tours display a structured approach to interpretation, which is customized to the specific tour anatomy of a “swim-with” tour, and varies in some parts significantly from “watch-only” tour interpretation.     

衬砌脱空雷达波数值模拟与定量解释

地质雷达是隧道衬砌脱空病害检测主要方法,常规探测理论是以菲涅尔带半径为最终空间分辨率,小于该半径的脱空不能识别,而大于该半径的脱空在定量解释上也存在困难。针对隧道脱空检测常用900 MHz天线,采用时域有限差分对不同脱空量的模型进行雷达波数字模拟计算,并合成雷达记录剖面。在分析脱空区域顶、底反射叠加波形特征及振幅变化的基础上,给出不同脱空量模型的波形双峰极值点幅度变化规律,提出基于极值点振幅比反演脱空量的解释策略,并给出反演结果的拟合算法。该策略不仅为脱空区脱空量分析提供一条途经,同时为地质雷达在脱空定量解释方面提供有效的技术手段。     

Bayesian network for red-light-running prediction at signalized intersections

Abstract

Red-light-running (RLR) is an important reason for the large number of intersection-related fatalities, injuries, and other losses. The accurate RLR prediction can effectively reduce crashes caused by RLR behavior. The RLR prediction is usually composed of two parts: the vehicle’s stop-or-go behavior and the arrival time when the vehicle reaches the stop line. Previous stop-or-go prediction models are usually based on embedded traffic sensors using machine learning algorithms. While based on the continuous trajectories collected by radar sensors, RLR prediction can be conducted more effectively. In this paper, a probabilistic stop-or-go prediction model based on the Bayesian network (BN) is proposed for RLR prediction. We extend the deterministic output into the probabilistic output, which provides decision-makers with greater autonomy. The causality of BN improves the interpretability of the prediction model. The BN model is calibrated and tested by the continuous trajectories data measured by radar sensors installed at a signalized intersection. We not only consider the movement measurements of individual vehicles (e.g., speed and acceleration), but also take into account the car-following behavior. As a comparison, different machine learning models and the model based on the inductive loop detection (ILD) are adopted. The results show that the proposed BN model has a high prediction accuracy and performs better in the feature interpretation. This paper provides a new way for probabilistic RLR prediction based on continuous trajectories, which will significantly improve traffic safety of signalized intersections.     

《货运汽车列车（甩挂运输）推荐车型基本要求——半挂车》释义

《货运汽车列车（甩挂运输）推荐车型基本要求》明确了半挂车的推荐配置与技术要求,对贯彻落实国家节能减排的工作部署,推动货运车型的标准化进程有一定的意义。     

解读铁总企标《CTCS-3级列控系统总体技术规范》

介绍铁总企标《CTCS-3级列控系统总体技术规范》(Q/CR661-2018)的编制背景、主要技术内容,并重点解读有关新标准与原规范具有较大差异的主要技术变更项,最后提出未来改进方向。     

遥感技术在库格铁路阿尔金山区地质选线中的应用

阿尔金山地区山高坡陡、地质构造复杂、不良地质多且规模大,这些都为库尔勒至格尔木铁路地质选线带来较大的困难。因此,充分发挥遥感技术的优势,收集遥感图像及地形、地质图,进行遥感图像处理与提取地学信息,并相互叠加,根据图像反映的各类影像特征,综合野外调查,建立该区域的解译标志,开展中、大比例尺的遥感地质判释。综合应用遥感解译和地质调查手段,查明了测区地质构造和重大不良地质的分布特征,为大面积工程地质选线、优化线路方案提供了重要依据,为工程地质测绘勘探布置提供了指导性意见。     

数据融合技术在铁路地质遥感判释中的应用研究

判释效果。为提高地质遥感判释的精度和质量,本文探讨数据融合技术在地质遥感判释中的应用。研究结论:(1)采用多源数据融合技术进行地质遥感判释,可提高不良地质判释的准确度;(2)二维和三维遥感判释相结合,可实现不良地质由定性到定量的判释和分析;(3)今后应加强遥感与物探等勘察手段的融合应用研究,拓宽地质遥感判释的应用范围。     

SIR-20地质雷达在工程中的应用及图谱解释

介绍了地质雷达探测的基本原理,并结合工程实例和模拟试验说明了地质雷达的具体应用。通过对地质雷达检测图谱的分析和归类处理,找出目标体的地质雷达图谱特征,为地质雷达在工程中的应用提供了判别依据。     

《城市停车规划规范》要点解读

《城市停车规划规范》(GB/T 51149—2016)(以下简称《规范》)已于2017年2月1日起实施,对其编制的技术要点及主要条文内容进行解读,有助于更好地理解和执行《规范》。首先对《规范》编制的主要目的、意义和背景进行介绍。在统一对城市停车规划认识的基础上,明确城市停车规划应包含的内容。对城市停车位供给规模及比例构成等关键技术指标进行解释和说明,支持城市可持续发展的停车规划的制定。在提出通过多种途径增加停车位供给以缓解当前停车矛盾的同时,也考虑到为支持新能源汽车的发展在规划上预留空间。     

《货运汽车列车（甩挂运输）推荐车型基本要求——半挂牵引车》释义

介绍《货运汽车列车（甩挂运输）推荐车型基本要求——半挂牵引车》研究制定的目的、原则,从发动机性能、牵引座、操控配置与环境、行车安全装置、整车配置、与半挂车匹配的互换性及汽车列车性能等七个方面对半挂牵引车的技术要求进行解析,明确各主要参数与指标要求的内涵,有助于相关车辆制造企业、甩挂运输企业和运输管理部门技术人员对技术要求的正确理解和有效实施。