突起路标逆反射器自动冲击装置的研制及应用

本文主要描述了一种用于检测突起路标逆反射器抗冲击性自动试验装置,包括冲击装置和试样保持架,解决了目前突起路标逆反射器抗冲击试验过程中的装置简陋或部分缺失、操作不规范、试验结果不准确及存在安全隐患等问题,符合实际生产的需求,提高了实验效率,准确有效的测量了突起路标的逆反射器抗冲击性能,确保了产品性能检测指标。     

西南某机场水泥混凝土道面板应力计算分析

为了对西南某机场水泥混凝土道面板进行应力分析,通过现场钻芯取样和劈裂实验得出劈裂强度值和基层顶面反应模量。应用ANSYS软件建立三维有限元模型,计算不同飞机荷载作用下的板边应力。由应力折减系数得出板边计算应力,判断道面能够运行的最大飞机重量。比较板边自由与不自由两种状态下道面产生的应力和位移,发现高温作用下道面的受力变化与低温状态下不同,对机场道面在夏季和冬季运行时提出建议。     

感应充电路面技术研究现状与展望

以感应充电技术(Inductive Power Transfer,IPT)为主要特征的充电路面(Electrified Road,e-Road)近年来发展迅速，其可为行进中的电动汽车进行动态无线充电，有效解决电动汽车充电时间过长、续航里程不足等问题，是支撑未来公路交通电气化发展的重要储备技术。详细介绍了IPT系统的工作原理和性能特点，并总结了已有e-Road试验段的充电性能参数和技术就绪度水平。在此基础上，进一步从基础设施角度剖析了e-Road目前存在的主要工程问题及相关研究进展，内容包括：①深入分析了IPT系统工作时因高频磁场通过介电性路面材料所引起的电磁损耗对IPT系统充电效率的影响，并提出了可能的解决方法；②针对充电模块与普通沥青路面存在的力学兼容性问题，从结构受力原理、材料损伤特性等方面总结了e-Road复合结构产生力学损伤加剧效应的原因，并提出了耐久性优化措施；③针对e-Road环境可持续方面存在的不确定性，评估并对比了e-Road与传统道路的全生命周期环境效益，指出了e-Road环境性能研究对电动汽车全生命周期综合效益估算的重要性。此外，还从政策支持、安全性、价格因素等角度对e-Road进行了综合可行性评估，并对充电路面基础设施的未来发展进行了智能化展望，提出了e-Road与其他新型智能道路技术进行有机融合的可能途径。     

基于AHP-TOPSIS的山区低等级公路路面破损评价方法

以山区低等级公路路面为研究对象,依据不同种类路面的破损危害性不同,拟在公路路面评价中提出路面破损指数概念,对山区低等级公路路面破损程度进行综合评价。所用模型是利用层次分析法(AHP)对不同种类的路面损毁危害性进行赋权,并利用逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)计算山区低等级公路路面破损程度与最优情况的贴近度,进而将山区低等级公路路面破损情况转化成区间为[0,1]的路面破损指数,其中路面破损指数越大表示路面的破损程度越高。此模型方法简单,能够运用少量数据对山区低等级公路路面的破损程度进行定量评价,可为山区公路的养护工作提供更准确的数据参照。     

面向智能车辆的现役道路设施行驶适应性研究综述

为了总结面向智能车辆的现役道路设施行驶适应性，即现役道路基础设施承载智能车辆行驶的适宜程度，阐述自主智能驾驶定义与驾驶自动化等级分类，在此基础上剖析不同等级间的人机功能差异，并分别从感知层、感知-决策层、决策-控制层探讨与道路设计要素相关联的人机功能差异，通过归纳总结智能车辆与道路几何要素、路面性能及其他道路要素(如道路标线)的相互作用机制研究，从道路工程角度及其他道路要素方面回顾该领域的研究现状，指出存在的问题和未来发展方向。研究结果表明：相比传统车辆，配置高等级自动驾驶系统的智能车辆对现役道路设施行驶适应性最高，主动安全系统次之，而驾驶辅助及有条件自动驾驶系统适应性不足。而目前研究主要问题包括：难以归纳、标定不同驾驶自动化等级间的人机功能差异及其对于道路设计参数的需求设计值；测试道路场景条件过于理想，考虑的驾驶自动化等级单一，试验规模和样本有限；道路几何、路面性能以及道路标志、标线等道路要素与智能车辆间的相互作用机制研究不足，缺乏与不同道路场景相匹配的智能车辆驾驶特征数据的获取手段。因此建议：重视并推动与道路设计要素相关联的关键人机功能差异指标信息共享；联合高保真且可交互的道路场景、高精度感知传感器物理模型、车辆动力学模型及微观交通流模型，利用测试场景自动化生成、极限工况场景搜寻与泛化等技术开展智能驾驶虚拟测试，突破现有研究的深度和广度；探索反映不同等级智能车辆的道路行驶适应性特征指标与评价标准，精准、有效地评估预测复杂道路场景及不利道路条件下的行驶适应性。     

市政道路沥青路面纤维封层养护技术

针对市政道路沥青路面病害的不断产生,路面使用年限越来越短,本文分析了沥青路面预防性养护技术中纤维封层中不同种类材料的特性,给出了各种材料的最佳选取原则,并对纤维封层的技术特性以及施工工艺流程进行了分析,为市政道路沥青路面的养护维修等相关工作提供参考。     

港区铺面设计中的集装箱角荷载

针对我国港区铺面中现行的集装箱角荷载设计方法的合理性问题,通过统计分析当前我国7个港口的集装箱质量分布规律,指出现行《港口工程荷载规范》与《港口道路与堆场设计规范》中关于集装箱角设计荷载规定的不合理之处:前者采用基于英国港口集装箱质量分布数据的折减系数法不符合我国情况,严重偏小;后者不能体现不同重要程度港口的设计需求差异性。进而,提出铺面结构设计时确定集装箱角荷载的建议。成果完善和改进了我国集装箱角荷载的设计方法,对港区铺面的建设和使用具有重要的价值和意义。     

Multi-objective optimization for asphalt pavement maintenance plans at project level: Integrating performance,cost and environment

Traditionally, asphalt pavement maintenance mainly considers pavement performance and cost and largely ignores the environment while substantial amount of environmental burdens are released in the process. In this study, a multi-objective optimization model was developed integrating the three elements in order to optimize the asphalt pavement maintenance plans at the project level. Pavement performance element was decided as the multiplier of pavement serviceability index and traffic volume. Cost element was represented by the net present value, including components of agency cost, vehicle operation cost and salvage value. Environmental element, integrating energy consumption, global warming potential, acidification potential and respiratory effects potential, was measured by the life cycle assessment model. A hypothetic asphalt pavement maintenance case study was conducted using the developed multi-objective optimization model and harvested 103 sets of feasible combinations of maintenance plans, each of which is non-dominated by the others. Trade-offs analysis was performed among the three objectives and visualized in both two- and three-dimension forms. It is found there is an opportunity of reducing the cost and environmental impacts to 80.3% and 77.8% and increasing the pavement performance to 146.6% compared to the base case. However, they are mutually compromised and cannot be reached simultaneously. The developed model reveals the quantitatively interactive relationship of the three objectives and helps optimize the asphalt pavement maintenance plans.     

Environmentally appraising different pavement and construction scenarios: A comparative analysis for a typical local road

The aim of this work is to carry out a comparative analysis of environmental impacts for different scenarios of a typical local road. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the modeling tool used to quantify and characterize comparative environmental impacts. In carrying out this specific application of the LCA, different road construction techniques were considered with regards to the whole structure and compared in order to identify the best alternative in terms of environmental sustainability.So far, in fact, typical LCA frameworks of roads have focused on recycled materials for pavement layers only, thus neglecting study of the materials used in the embankment or in the subgrade. In this study, these materials were included too, in order to prove the environmental benefit of using a sustainable technique such as in situ stabilization of fine soils with lime (typically dumped clayey soils) in order to reduce the need for virgin material for embankment and subgrade construction.When using different percentages of recycled materials (such as reclaimed asphalt pavement – RAP) in the bituminous layer or in the foundation, the analysis of the functional unit studied shows a significant reduction of energy consumption and pollutant emissions mainly due to transportation of materials involved, in this way increasing the environmental performance of the road.Another important consideration is that the use of fine soils stabilized with lime “in situ”, instead of dumping it, not only is a good technical solution for improving soil mechanical properties, but it also produces a reduction of energy consumption and of pollutant emissions. It is noticeable that this technique results in a significant reduction of pollutant emissions due the transportation of involved materials, increasing the environmental performance of the road.     

基于群决策层次理论的预防性养护方案决策

基于高速公路预防性养护决策方案选择的特性,使用群决策理论的层次分析法,通过对决策组成员意见的集合,得到了各成员动态权重,减少主观误差,提高决策方案结果的客观可靠性。通过案例,将措施费用、行车特征、技术因素、施工因素等作为目标层,对4种备选方案进行分析,得出最佳措施。案例结果证明群决策方法的有效性与可靠性,为选择合理的养护措施提供参考。