Investigation of tailpipe and evaporative emissions from China IV and Tier 2 passenger vehicles with different gasolines

The limited understanding of vehicular emissions in China, especially evaporative emissions, is one obstacle to establishing tighter standards. To evaluate tailpipe and evaporative emissions, two typical China IV vehicles and one Tier 2 vehicle with an onboard refuelling vapour recovery (ORVR) system were selected and tested. One of the China IV vehicles was fuelled with gasoline, E10 and M15, respectively, to investigate the effect of fuel properties on vehicular emissions. For each vehicle, cold-start tailpipe emission tests were conducted first, followed by an evaporation test. Based on the emission factors and real-world vehicle activity data, the annual tailpipe and evaporative hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of each vehicle were calculated and compared. The results show that E10 and M15 significantly reduced the tailpipe CO and particle number (PN) emissions but seriously aggravated the NOx emissions, especially for M15. The hot soak losses (HSLs) and diurnal breathing losses (DBLs) were slightly impacted by the fuel properties. The annual evaporative emissions with E10 and M15 were higher than that with gasoline. The ORVR system effectively controlled the evaporative emissions, especially for DBLs. Evaporative emissions from the China IV vehicles were 1.1–1.4 times the tailpipe HC emissions. Additionally, the evaporative emission factors of the China IV vehicles were almost 50% lower than the standard (2.0 g/test), whereas their annual evaporative emissions were almost 1.8–2.8 times higher than those from the Tier 2 vehicle. Therefore, controlling evaporative emissions currently remains a great need in China, and the ORVR might be a recommended evaporative control technology.     

Mesoscale subduction at the Almeria–Oran front: Part 1: Ageostrophic flow

This paper presents a detailed diagnostic analysis of hydrographic and current meter data from three, rapidly repeated, fine-scale surveys of the Almeria–Oran front. Instability of the frontal boundary, between surface waters of Atlantic and Mediterranean origin, is shown to provide a mechanism for significant heat transfer from the surface layers to the deep ocean in winter. The data were collected during the second observational phase of the EU funded OMEGA project on RRS Discovery cruise 224 during December 1996. High resolution hydrographic measurements using the towed undulating CTD vehicle, SeaSoar, traced the subduction of Mediterranean Surface Water across the Almeria–Oran front. This subduction is shown to result from a significant baroclinic component to the instability of the frontal jet. The Q-vector formulation of the omega equation is combined with a scale analysis to quantitatively diagnose vertical transport resulting from mesoscale ageostrophic circulation. The analyses are presented and discussed in the presence of satellite and airborne remotely sensed data; which provide the basis for a thorough and novel approach to the determination of observational error.     

智能马达控制中心在海洋平台设计中的应用

介绍一种利用新型智能电机过载继电器E3 PLUS、现场通信总线DeviceNet及PLC等技术相结合的船舶智能马达控制系统,阐述智能马达控制中心(Smart MCC)的工作原理、功能及应用实例,该系统可以提供电机多种故障检测和诊断功能以及计算机集中控制,使马达控制系统逐步向自动化集成型发展,系统的性能和可靠性高,能最大限度地降低船舶整体运行成本,提高运行效率.     

表皮生长因子受体Ⅲ型变异体（EGFRvⅢ）多克隆抗体的制备及特异性

为了制备针对EGFRvⅢ的特异性多克隆抗体,在实验中利用耦联了血蓝蛋白的EGFRvⅢ特异性的PEP3合成短肽进行动物免疫,制备抗血清;构建了pET30a／E33XI原核表达载体,表达和纯化了融合蛋白His-E33（EGFRvⅢ的部分胞外区）;以此融合蛋白作为抗原制备了抗体纯化柱,通过柱上纯化的方法从抗血清中提取针对EGFRvⅢ的特异性抗体．利用U87、U251、HeLa和HEK-293细胞进行免疫组化实验来检验抗体的特异性．     

Pro/E在减速顶中的应用

通过对三维建模软件Pro／E各种强大功能的简要介绍，指出Pro／E在当今生产行业中的重要作用，同时详细介绍了Pro／E在减速顶行业中的广泛应用。     

高校学生体育课消极心理的研究

依据体育心理学与现代教育学的研究方法，对高校学生体育课学习中的消极心理进行研究，分析了学生消极心理的表现形式及种类，探究了学生消极心理产生的成因，提出了克服学生消极心理的方法与对策。     

THE CONSTRUCTION OF LEUKARYOTIC EXPRESSION PLASMID PCDNA3/HPV16E6 AND EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION OF NAKED DNA INJECTED INTO ANIMAL

Cervicalcancerisacommonmalignancyofmarriedwomen.HighriskHPV(HPV16,18)infectioniscloselyassociatedwithcervicalcancer(l).HPV16DNAcanbedetectedinapproximately50%~90?rvicalcarcinomastZ).HPV16E6andE7geneshasbeenprovedtobetransforminggenes.TheirgeneproductscanbindtoandinactivateP53andPRbrespectively,playingacausalroleinthedevelopmentofcervicalcarcinomat27.AlotofinvestigationindicatethatHPV16E6/E7wereconsistentlyandhighlyexpressedincervicalcarcinomas,andthatE6/E7proteinscouldinducebothhu…     

时程分析法在大蒲春河特大桥主桥抗震验算中的应用

采用时程分析法对大蒲春河特大桥进行抗震分析,对主桥控制部位E1概率和E2概率地震作用下的响应进行验算,并利用验算结果指导该桥的抗震设计.     

汽车电子电气架构设计与优化

阐述汽车电子电气架构技术与发展趋势,设计与优化的指导思想、需求信息、所用工具和工作流程,以及两个标准的系统级电子电气架构。介绍汽车电子电气架构设计与优化的优点,对我国汽车行业研发该项技术提出建议。     

桥梁结构连同地基的整体计算方法

本文提出将桥梁上部结构、下部结构和基础连同地基整体计算的方法