BIM与GIS融合技术在航道整治工程中的应用

针对航道整治工程中BIM技术无法管理条带状工程、难以表达工程周边地理信息等难点,通过梳理BIM与GIS数据特点,研究探索BIM与GIS融合技术,提出了通过格式转换、坐标转换和数据关联实现BIM与GIS融合的方法。将研究成果应用在蕲春水道航道整治工程,验证了BIM与GIS融合方法的可行性,实现了BIM与GIS数据一体化浏览、显示、管理、分析等功能,解决了BIM无法管理大范围工程、无法反映工程周边环境的不足,为BIM与GIS技术在航道整治工程中的应用提供了技术支撑。     

锚位点辅助决策模型的设计与实现

为解决舰船抛锚作业时锚位点决策受限于海图有限信息,人工选址方式主观性过强而间接增大走锚风险的问题,提出基于VCF(Vector Chart Format)格式数字海图数据,采用地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)的方法分析影响锚泊安全的海洋环境要素、区域界限、碍航物、周边船舶态势和助航标志通视情况,定量给出各要素的适宜度、影响范围以及基于方位位置线网的定点抛锚方法,并将各步骤的分析结果可视化。该模型的实际使用情况表明:有利于航海人员准确把握锚泊海区的整体态势,辅助其得到结合自身需求的优化锚位点决策,降低舰船走锚风险,提升锚泊安全性。     

集成GIS/BIM的盾构隧道全寿命管理系统研究

为解决在盾构隧道工程中,地理信息系统（GIS）标准缺失和建筑信息模型（BIM）分析功能薄弱的问题,在分析GIS的数据管理和BIM的数据标准基础上,建立集成GIS/BIM的盾构隧道全寿命期管理系统。首先,概括总结系统采用的技术路线; 其次,基于IFC标准扩展统一的盾构隧道信息模型,涵盖盾构隧道地质、结构、线路、施工、监测和病害等数据; 然后,介绍系统信息的关联,包括隧道编码、GIS和BIM的集成方案; 最后,以上海地铁盾构隧道为依托,描述系统在工程全寿命期的应用,包括隧道地质勘察、结构设计、运营监测和养护维护等阶段。该系统制定了统一信息模型,方便数据交换和管理,在信息模型基础上实现了信息可视化与不同分析功能,提高了盾构隧道的全寿命数字化管理水平。     

基于Web GIS的公路施工管理系统研究

基于Web从组织机构和功能两个方面分析公路施工管理系统的实际需求,分析公路施工管理系统中主要模块之间的关系,并据此设计基于Web的公路施工管理系统的总体结构。该系统利用GIS、图形显示等技术,为施工管理搭建了一个地图可视化平台,在电子图库、三维分析、工程量计算等方面进行了一定的探索。     

基于3D GIS的地铁施工安全风险远程网络系统

为了进一步提高地铁施工现场安全精细化智能管理水平,结合地铁施工现场实际,提出应当建设地铁施工安全风险远程网络系统。分析该系统功能需求,系统应实现人员、机械设备、环境、监测等信息的管理功能,以及不安全行为与状态评判、冲突风险分析、特殊天气风险分析、预测预警、隐患辨识与管理等功能。经分析,得出系统宜采用3D GIS技术和空间数据库技术。设计系统总体结构,探讨各项功能的实现方法,与现有可视化监控系统相比,其功能进一步拓展,更加智能化、集成化、可视化。     

Formal scientific research of traffic collision data utilizing GIS

This paper explores the tenuous link between speeding behavior and accident causation, one that has not been well established in the international literature to date. Taking advantage of established engineering conventions and formulae, we were able to set up an a priori hypothesis suitable for testing. Utilizing this formal scientific method (which GIS researchers have been criticised for not using) we establish a statistical link for this relationship. Our methodology can be used to support all police intervention strategies, including the controversial photo radar systems. The results from our research have been entered into a GIS in order to create a map for spatial display. This map illustrates the relative probability or risk of collision occurrence resulting from speeding at all intersections and interchanges within the scope of the study. It is suggested that this methodology could easily be maintained with periodic updates of data, thus creating a dynamic model from which to monitor traffic safety within the city. Furthermore, this model can be utilized to study specific strategies, allowing for the scrutiny of before, during and after effects. The study area is the entire city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and includes all traffic collisions occurring during the year of 1994.     

Integrated coastal water monitoring

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are important took for environmental monitoring and management. However, their limitations in dealing with complex, dynamic, and mission‐critical situations call for alternative approaches. Integrating GIS with dynamic simulation models offers one such solution. Numerical models that simulate physical, chemical, and biological processes greatly increase our understanding of the environment. Many of these models use refined forecast information to accurately predict processes that help in monitoring and managing the environment. Integrating these models with GIS offers new functionalities. The present research couples the MIKE21 comprehensive modeling system for two‐dimensional free surface flows with the spatial analysis strengths of the ArcView GIS. The southern coastal water system of Singapore serves as the study area. The aim is to develop a comprehensive software system that provides support for both environmental managers and land‐use planners in making their decisions.     

A Trip Reconstruction Tool for GPS-based Personal Travel Surveys

ABSTRACT

This article reports on the development of a trip reconstruction software tool for use in GPS-based personal travel surveys. Specifically, the tool enables the automatic processing of GPS traces of individual survey respondents in order to identify the road links traveled and modes used by each respondent for individual trips. Identifying the links is based on a conventional GIS-based map-matching algorithm and identifying the modes is a rule-based algorithm using attributes of four modes (walk, bicycle, bus and passenger-car). The tool was evaluated using GPS travel data collected for the study and a multi-modal transportation network model of downtown Toronto. The results show that the tool correctly detected about 79% of all links traveled and 92% of all trip modes.     

Enhancing stated preference surveys in transportation research: the contribution of geographic information systems

In this paper we argue that visualization, data management and computational capabilities of geographic information systems (GIS) can assist transportation stated preference research in capturing the contextual complexity of many transportation decision environments by providing respondents with maps and other spatial and non-spatial information in graphical form that enhance respondents' understanding of decision scenarios. We explore the multiple inherent contributions of GIS to transportation stated preference data collection and propose a framework for a GIS-based stated preference survey instrument. We also present the design concepts of two survey prototypes and their GIS implementation for a sample travel mode choice problem.     

交通违法事故时空分布特征及其影响因素——以广州市为例

为了深入研究我国城市交通事故的时空分布特征及其影响因素,通过对 2010年广州市交通事故原始数据的处理与分析,结合 GIS技术及系统聚类法,本文从道路特征,基础设施情况,以及白天和工作日交通事故比例等方面进行实证分析影响城市交通违法事故的风险因素;并在此基础上,结合广州市未来发展规划提出相关政策建议.结果表明：中心城区交通违法事故密集度最高,呈点状密集分布;交通违法事故的道路分布特征为干道多,支路少;上下班高峰时段,交通违法事故分布存在明显区别;从 9个交通违法事故高发区域归纳出 3大类区域,道路复杂、人多车多的商业地区,高速公路沿线和高架桥附近区域,以及设施齐全、出行方便的市中心.