Time-series analysis of remote-sensed chlorophyll and environmental factors in the Santa Monica–San Pedro Basin off Southern California

The time-series of remote-sensed surface chlorophyll concentration measured by SeaWiFS radiometer from September 1997 to December 2001 and the relevant hydrological and meteorological factors (remote-sensed sea surface temperature, atmospheric precipitation, air temperature and wind stress) in Santa Monica Bay and adjacent waters off southern California were analyzed using wavelet and cross-correlation statistical methods. All parameters exhibited evident seasonal patterns of variation. Wavelet analysis revealed salient long-term variations most evident in air temperature during El Niño 1997–1998 and in wind stress during La Niña 1998–1999. Short-period (<100 days) variations of remote-sensed chlorophyll biomass were mostly typical to spring seasons. Chlorophyll biomass was significantly correlated with air temperature and wind stress: an increase of chlorophyll biomass followed with 5–6-day time lag an increase of wind stress accompanied by a simultaneous decrease of air temperature. The mechanism of these variations was an intensification of phytoplankton growth resulting from the mixing of water column by wind stress and entrainment of nutrients into the euphotic layer.     

边际油田-WZ11—1N开发的工程策略

讨论了北部湾边际油田-WZ11-1N油田开发的工程策略，通过技术和经济上的综合分析，WZ11-1N油田采用了“三一”模式依托开发的成果，在应用涠洲地区成熟的、较先进的工程技术和开发经验的基础上，对依托平台／管线的处理工艺和寿命进行了详细的优化和校核，同时采用了电力组网新技术，达到了降低工程投资，提高油田收益的目的。另外在总体布置上为未来油田的依托开发预留了空间。     

污水处理厂污泥堆肥化的工艺特性及其运用

污泥堆肥化处理系统是适合国内污泥处理的新工艺，可以有效合理地解决污泥的处置和利用问题，保护环境、节省资源．介绍了污泥堆肥化的工艺方式、作业条件及检测指标，提出了堆肥化过程中应注意的问题。     

钢轨廓形优化对转辙器动力特性的影响研究

为提高列车高速直向过岔平稳性,将60N钢轨廓形及新设计的尖轨廓形应用于18号高速道岔转辙器部分,应用车辆-道岔耦合动力学理论,建立模型进行动力学仿真计算,与CHN60高速道岔转辙器动力特性进行对比。仿真计算结果表明:60N高速道岔转辙器部分轮载过渡段起点前移,轮载过渡时间增长;车辆直向经过道岔转辙器时的滚动圆半径差、轮对横移量和钢轨横向接触点外移幅值均减小,轮对蛇形运动幅度减小,行车平稳性得到提高;轮轨最大横向力由6.12 kN降低至4.75 kN,轮轨横向相互作用力减弱;车轮脱轨系数、车体横向加速度略有减小,轮轨垂向力、车轮减载率和车体垂向加速度变化不大,均在安全范围内。     

ZPW-2000A站内移频电码化N+1 FS电路的改进

分析了25Hz站内相敏轨道电路叠加ZPW-2000A型移频电码化设备N+1 FS电路存在的问题,提出了电路的修改方案,并在现场的实际设备中通过试验证明了其可行性,从而得到了广泛应用。     

12599名铁路重点人员应急接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗情况分析

目的防控铁路甲型H1N1流感疫情传播,为规范有序地开展应急接种提供依据。方法按照知情同意、自愿、免费的原则,有计划分步对武汉铁路重点人群实施应急接种。结果共接种12 599人,接种率达89.76%,其中列车员接种9 020人,接种率达到92.79%,占总接种人数的71.59%;AEFI发生率为零,一般性不良反应发生12例,发生率为9.52/万。结论在铁路重点人群中进行甲型H1N1流感疫苗应急接种,安全可行,是防控甲型H1N1流感疫情的有效手段。     

进气预混甲醇降低柴油机碳烟与NOx排放的影响参数研究

在485QDI自然吸气直喷式柴油机上研究了不同喷嘴、不同供油定时、不同喷醇的起点对进气预混甲醇发动机的碳烟、NOx排放和经济性的影响。研究结果表明，为了降低碳烟和NOx排放以及提高燃油经济性，与燃用纯柴油的发动机相比，进气预混甲醇发动机的柴油喷射定时可以保持不变或稍小，但燃油喷嘴的孔径应适当减小，预混甲醇的发动机负荷起点应适中。     

Consumer preferences and willingness to pay for advanced vehicle technology options and fuel types

The automotive industry is witnessing a revolution with the advent of advanced vehicular technologies, smart vehicle options, and fuel alternatives. However, there is very limited research on consumer preferences for such advanced vehicular technologies. The deployment and penetration of advanced vehicular technologies in the marketplace, and planning for possible market adoption scenarios, calls for the collection and analysis of consumer preference data related to these emerging technologies. This study aims to address this need, offering a detailed analysis of consumer preference for alternative fuel types and technology options using data collected in stated choice experiments conducted on a sample of consumers from six metropolitan cities in South Korea. The results indicate that there is considerable heterogeneity in consumer preferences for various smart technology options such as wireless internet, vehicle connectivity, and voice command features, but relatively less heterogeneity in the preference for smart vehicle applications such as real-time traveler information on parking and traffic conditions.     

Modeling duration choice in space–time multi-state supernetworks for individual activity-travel scheduling

Multi-state supernetworks have been advanced recently for modeling individual activity-travel scheduling decisions. The main advantage is that multi-dimensional choice facets are modeled simultaneously within an integral framework, supporting systematic assessments of a large spectrum of policies and emerging modalities. However, duration choice of activities and home-stay has not been incorporated in this formalism yet. This study models duration choice in the state-of-the-art multi-state supernetworks. An activity link with flexible duration is transformed into a time-expanded bipartite network; a home location is transformed into multiple time-expanded locations. Along with these extensions, multi-state supernetworks can also be coherently expanded in space–time. The derived properties are that any path through a space–time supernetwork still represents a consistent activity-travel pattern, duration choice are explicitly associated with activity timing, duration and chain, and home-based tours are generated endogenously. A forward recursive formulation is proposed to find the optimal patterns with the optimal worst-case run-time complexity. Consequently, the trade-off between travel and time allocation to activities and home-stay can be systematically captured.     

An optimal data-splitting algorithm for aircraft scheduling on a single runway to maximize throughput

In this research, we present a data-splitting algorithm to optimally solve the aircraft sequencing problem (ASP) on a single runway under both segregated and mixed-mode of operation. This problem is formulated as a 0–1 mixed-integer program (MIP), taking into account several realistic constraints, including safety separation standards, wide time-windows, and constrained position shifting, with the objective of maximizing the total throughput. Varied scenarios of large scale realistic instances of this problem, which is NP-hard in general, are computationally difficult to solve with the direct use of commercial solver as well as existing state-of-the-art dynamic programming method. The design of the algorithm is based on a recently introduced data-splitting algorithm which uses the divide-and-conquer paradigm, wherein the given set of flights is divided into several disjoint subsets, each of which is optimized using 0–1 MIP while ensuring the optimality of the entire set. Computational results show that the difficult instances can be solved in real-time and the solution is efficient in comparison to the commercial solver and dynamic programming, using both sequential, as well as parallel, implementation of this pleasingly parallel algorithm.