大跨度双线铁路混凝土桥极限跨径的研究

混凝土桥是我国大跨度铁路桥梁广泛应用的结构形式,但长期以来缺少对不同桥型跨越能力和适用范围的系统研究。大跨度混凝土桥的设计实践表明,支点截面混凝土的抗剪通常是控制其跨越能力的主要因素,以荷载作用下的剪应力达到混凝土容许剪应力为标准,分析得到了双线预应力混凝土连续梁(刚构)桥的理论极限跨径。在此基础上,通过分析主梁与加劲拱、拉索的荷载分配关系,进一步研究得到了连续梁(刚构)-拱桥、部分斜拉桥的理论极限跨径,分析结论与实际工程基本相符。同时在理论值基础上,结合设计经验给出工程实用极限跨径的建议值,对大跨度混凝土桥的桥式方案选择和投资控制具有一定价值。     

高墩大跨径弯连续刚构桥梁空间非线性稳定分析

在高墩大跨弯连续刚构桥梁的设计与施工中,结构稳定性非常重要。本文分别考虑结构的几何非线性和材料非线性力学特征,对高墩大跨弯连续刚构桥梁的结构稳定性进行详细的数值分析,并与线弹性的计算结果进行对比。结果表明:弯连续刚构桥梁的稳定问题已经转化为考虑结构材料屈服强度的极限承载力问题,同时几何非线性对稳定的影响亦不能忽略。     

Simulation on progressive collapse behaviour of whole ship model under extreme waves using idealized structural unit method

To ensure the safety of navigating ship, working loads and structural load-carrying capacity are two important aspects. In the present paper, a total simulation system combing load calculation and structural collapse analysis is applied to simulate progressive collapse behaviour of a single-hull Kamsarmax type bulk carrier. A three dimensional singularity distribution method is adopted to calculate pressure distribution with time history. A mixed structural model, collapse part simulated by ISUM elements and remaining part by elastic FEM elements with relative coarse mesh, is proposed for collapse analysis. Progressive collapse behaviour obtained by ISUM is good agreement with that by nonlinear software package, MARC. However, the calculation time of ISUM analysis is about 1/70 of MARC analysis. The applicability to structure system, high accuracy and sufficient efficiency of ISUM had been demonstrated.     

钢管混凝土单圆拱肋压弯屈曲的有限元方法

文章结合实例对钢管混凝土拱桥拱肋的极限承载力进行研究,通过利用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS建立钢管混凝土拱肋模型,施加平面内不对称荷载,分析钢管混凝土拱肋的极限承载力和抗弯性能,并和传统的弹性理论方法计算所得的拱肋的压弯屈曲性能进行比较,得出拱肋压弯屈曲的有限元方法。     

五河口斜拉桥超长大直径工程试桩研究

为获取五河口斜拉桥超长大直径工程桩的极限承载力值，对2根直径2．5m桩长95m的工程桩，采用桩基静栽试验自平衡法单、双荷载箱技术进行试桩研究，为最终确定桥墩桩基础设计提供了直观的参考依据。该试桩方法适合特大型桥梁桩基施工场地小、试验时间短、试桩荷载大的要求，试桩经注浆补强工艺后可作工程桩应用。     

加筋板格屈曲及极限强度分析

加筋板格是船体结构的主要组成部分,是船体最常用的结构单元。本文在消化相关文献后,作了一些修正和改进工作,提出了一套用于计算加筋板格屈曲及极限强度的方法,并开发了相应的计算软件。通过与试验及有限元计算结果的比较,考核了本方法的计算精度,证明了该方法完全可用于船体板架的工程设计计算。     

Time-variant ultimate longitudinal strength of corroded bulk carriers

Many bulk carrier losses have been reported of late, and one of the possible causes of such casualties is thought to be the structural failure of aging hulls in rough weather. In aging ships, corrosion and fatigue cracks are the two most important factors affecting structural safety and integrity. This paper uses a set of the time-dependent corrosion wastage models for 23 different member locations/categories of bulk carriers previously developed by the authors, based on the available corrosion measurements for existing large bulk carrier structures. Differences due to the location and corrosion severity of every member type are taken into account. The nominal design corrosion values for the primary members are suggested based on the annualized corrosion rates obtained in the present study. The effect of time-variant corrosion wastage on the ultimate hull girder strength as well as the section moduli is studied. The criteria for repair and maintenance of heavily corroded structural members so as to keep the ultimate longitudinal strength at an acceptable level are discussed. Important insights and conclusions developed are summarized.     

Structural safety assessment of a pontoon-type VLFS considering damage to the breakwater

 A structural safety assessment of a pontoon-type very large floating structure (VLFS) surrounded by a gravity-type breakwater was carried out for extreme wave conditions by considering the damage to the breakwater. Bending and shear collapses are considered to be a failure mode of the floating structure, while overturning damages the breakwater. The probability of the breakwater overturning, and the transmitted wave height before and after damage to the breakwater, are evaluated using design formulae for port and harbor facilities in Japan. The ultimate bending and shear strengths of the floating structure are calculated by the idealized structural unit method (ISUM) and FEM, respectively. The calculated failure probability for the floating structure is compared with the specified target safety level. It was found that the floating structure under consideration is most likely to fail by bending in transverse waves, and that the corresponding failure probability satisfies the target level. Received: September 12, 2002 / Accepted: October 4, 2002 Acknowledgment. The authors are grateful to Dr. Shigeo Ohmatsu, National Maritime Research Institute, Japan, for allowing us to use the program of hydroelastic response analysis. Address correspondence to: M. Fujikubo (e-mail: fujikubo@naoe.hiroshima-u.ac.jp) Updated from the Japanese original, which won the 2002 SNAJ prize (J Soc Arthit Jpn 2002;190:337–345)     

船体破损后外载荷与船体极限弯矩

基于船舶不沉性理论，运用符拉索夫抗沉性计算法确定船舶破损后浮态参数之后，作出波浪上船舶破损浮力曲线，继而计算了波浪弯矩和波浪剪力；并用非对称梁弯曲理论建立了破损模型，将外载荷与破口联系在一起研究了破损船舶极限弯矩，通过实例计算得出了预想结果。