高吸水性表面环境修复剂的制备条件研究

研究了以(NH4)2S2O8—NaHSO3为引发剂,环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,淀粉和部分中和的丙烯酸(钾)、丙烯酰胺为原料进行交联接枝.在有氧状态和无氧状态下采用水溶液聚合法合成了高吸水性表面修复剂.在这两种状态下,比较了温度、引发剂用量对表面修复剂吸水率的影响,同时对单体混合物的温度变化进行了研究.     

Disused shrimp ponds: Options for redevelopment of mangroves

Associated with the rapid increase in the production of cultured marine shrimp has been large‐scale conversion of mangroves to shrimp ponds. Production in many regions has proved to be unsustainable, largely due to inappropriate construction methods, poor environmental conditions, overstocking, and disease. A number of shrimp ponds consequently are unproductive and lie idle. Accurate assessments of pond disuse are difficult to obtain; however, unofficial estimates have suggested that as many as 70% of ponds may be disused after a period in production. Pond construction, shrimp culture, and pond disuse lead to alterations to the physical and chemical properties of soil, hydrological conditions, and the flora and fauna composition of the pond area. The case for restoration, or rehabilitation to a sustainable use, is strong. Consideration must be given to the causes of production failure, the environmental conditions remaining following disuse, the needs and preferences of pond owners and coastal managers, and technical constraints.     

张崇段沿线生态工程建设方案

对张崇段沿线的取土场生态环境进行评估和分析,结合不同的地理位置、环境、气候及植被等情况,提出合理的生态恢复建议,可供施工单位和建设单位参考.     

黄土地区公路边坡客土喷播试验研究

陕西黄土地区具有干旱半干旱、半干旱或半湿润的气候特点,土质疏松,公路边坡易被侵蚀。2004年3~9月,禹门口-阎良高速公路采用客土喷播技术,开展了黄土边坡生态恢复试验研究。2004~2006年的观测结果表明,在该地区采取客土喷播技术,能够在公路边坡快速地建立起良好的植被,1年后植被覆盖率可以达到100%。边坡一旦建立植被,只要植物种类配比恰当,植物群落能够保持相对稳定。坡比是影响生态恢复效果的重要因素,有条件的话,宜采用1∶1的边坡。     

厚层基材喷播边坡防护技术研究

干旱半干旱地区高速公路路基边坡植被恢复是目前的一项技术难点。分析了厚层基材喷播的概念、原理、材料组成及施工工艺。通过项目实践,提出了适宜西宁地区厚层基材喷播边坡植被恢复的植物材料紫花苜蓿、柠条、老芒麦、披碱草、中华羊茅、碱茅等,分析了植物选择的原理及适当配比,并阐述了厚层基材喷播、覆盖、后期管护等重点和难点技术。能有效解决石质边坡生态和植被恢复的难题。特别是为在高大边坡或难施工、难养护地区提供了实践性技术指导。     

村级河道水生态修复策略与技术措施研究——以闵行区浦锦街道为例

随着国家与公众对乡村生态环境的日益重视,如何对乡村河道进行有效修复成为当前的研究热点.现以闵行区浦锦街道为例,在对其水生态现状调研基础上,解析河道污染特征与污染物来源.并基于绿色生态修复的原则提出了在空间上通过生态缓冲区、河道及植物种植的方式构建河道生态系统的修复思路.进一步根据水体污染特性,制定了底质改良、紫外催化、沉水曝气、底部生物载体、生态浮岛、漂浮草垫、点源净化的内源污染防治技术措施.对比治理前后河道踏勘与水质检测结果显示:治理后河道水生态恢复较好、溶解氧浓度大幅提升、总磷得到了有效控制.后期可根据水体溶解氧浓度对曝气调控以促进对氨氮的去除效果.     

近期典型桥梁事故回顾、分析与启示

对1813~2018年期间的584起桥梁事故进行分析，将桥梁倒塌原因分为施工、自然灾害、设计、意外荷载、耐久性等5类。各原因在倒塌事故中所占比例分别为42.1%、30.0%、11.6%、12.7%、3.6%。除自然灾害外，设计施工不合理为主要原因，而事故发生大多是多种原因综合的结果。以近几年9起典型桥梁倒塌事故为例，分析比较各种倒塌桥梁的主要破坏模式，得到以下启示：①国内大部分梁桥上部结构的平面外位移约束构造不足，在任何一个平面内都不应该是可变体系是国内桥梁设计施工中需要注意的问题；②在应用新工艺、新结构和拆除旧桥时，应加强各种施工工况下的验算；③建议加强桥梁巡查，预防和禁止汽车超载以及桥梁附近大规模堆载；④应注重桥梁结构尤其是斜拉桥和悬索桥等特大桥梁的日常养护管理，当养护力量不足时，尽量选择养护要求较低的桥型。     

混合型生态修复技术在内河航道岸坡防护中的应用

以1 km通榆河为试验地,分别实施5种方案:1)在塌陷处移栽植物(芦苇、茭白、杞柳);2)植物移栽+外侧防护(木、竹混合栅栏);3)植物移栽+外侧防护+回填泥土;4)芦苇种子播种+外侧防护+回填土;5)以坍塌的裸露岸坡为空白对照,探讨几种混合型生态修复方式在通榆河岸坡防护中的实际效果。结果表明,在通榆河岸坡移栽芦苇和茭白、扦插杞柳是可行的,但需要在移栽区域的外侧进行适当的机械防护。移栽植物后多种本土植物的大量迁入形成具有高覆盖度的次生群落。本研究中的几种方案都显著降低岸坡坍塌速度,其中,方案3效果最佳。与传统方式相比,这种有机械保护的岸坡生态防护方式具有很好的经济效益。     

全电力船智能诊断与恢复的系统设计

未来船舶综合电力系统(IPS)控件主要以电力电子器件的复杂拓扑结构、智能控制和其它不断演进的组件为特征。为了提高船舶综合电力系统的故障诊断和修复能力,为未来全电力船设计了一种智能诊断和修复系统。专家系统的基本准则和诊断的知识管理对于智能诊断与修复是极其重要的。     

Policy considerations for wetland wastewater treatment in the coastal zone: A case study for Louisiana

Two major environmental problems currently affecting the Louisiana coastal zone are a high rate of wetland loss and high levels of surface water pollution. The application of secondarily treated wastewater to wetlands can be a means of dealing with both of these problems. The benefits of wetland wastewater treatment include improved surface water quality, increased accretion rates to balance a high relative water level rise due mainly to subsidence, improved plant productivity and habitat quality, and decreased capital outlays for conventional engineering treatment systems. Wetland treatment systems can, therefore, be designed and operated to restore deteriorating wetlands. Hydrologically altered wetlands, which are common in the Louisiana coastal zone, are appropriate for receiving municipal and some types of industrial effluent. While the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has determined wetland wastewater treatment is effective in treating municipal effluent, it has discouraged the use of natural wetlands for this purpose. At the same time, funds are being used for the construction of artificial wetlands to treat municipal effluent. In the Louisiana coastal zone, however, wetlands are deteriorating and disappearing due to hydrological alteration and a high rate of relative sea level rise. If no action is taken, these trends will continue. Effluent discharge to existing wetlands should be incorporated into a comprehensive management plan designed to increase sediment and nutrient input into subsiding wetlands in the Louisiana coastal zone, improve water quality, and result in more economical waste‐water treatment. The authors believe that the Louisiana example serves as a model for other coastal areas especially in light of projections of accelerated sea level rise.