排阵式交叉口几何设计与信号控制协同鲁棒优化

针对排阵式交叉口在实际交通波动环境中存在车辆滞留排序区,运行效率稳定性难以保障的问题,提出了鲁棒优化方法,平衡交叉口运行的效率和稳定性。在分析排阵式交叉口运行特性的基础上,指出了其运行效率波动性与交叉口几何设计、信号控制、交通需求、饱和流率和运行车速这5个因素有关。确定了将交通需求、饱和流率和运行车速这3个客观波动因素作为模型的输入参数,将几何设计和信号控制这2个可受设计人员控制的要素作为模型的优化控制变量进行协同优化的模型框架。在此基础上,以交叉口车均延误条件风险值最小为目标,考虑了各流向车道数、信号相位相序、排序区车辆清空等方面的约束条件,构建了基于情景的鲁棒优化模型,并建立了遗传算法对模型进行求解。通过案例分析,对鲁棒优化模型的置信水平取值和算法准确性进行了分析,证明了算法可以使目标函数收敛到最小值,并基于蒙特卡洛模拟对优化效益进行了检验。研究发现,所建立的几何设计与信号控制协同鲁棒优化模型可实现在交通需求和供给的波动下,对排阵式交叉口的车道功能、排序区长度以及主、预信号控制进行协同优化。相较于确定性的设计方法,在平均延误层面基本维持原有水平,但对延误标准差和最大值有着较为明显的改善,案例中分别减少了48%和23%。     

针对磁浮列车过弯的鲁棒控制方法

考虑磁悬浮列车通过弯道时电磁铁上表面与轨道下表面发生错位,相对磁极面积减少情况下的控制问题,将相对磁极面积视为不确定性参数,引入相对磁极面积摄动,再针对磁悬浮非线性系统设计动态输出反馈控制器,并将控制器设计问题转换为H∞控制问题,使得系统不管电磁铁与轨道之间如何错位,只要没有超出电磁铁的承载力,就可以稳定悬浮,顺利通过弯道。     

货物列车编组计划国内外研究综述

货物列车编组计划(TFP)在铁路运输组织工作中具有非常重要的作用,其编制是一项复杂的课题。目前,在编组计划编制理论和方法研究上取得了丰硕的成果。本文从研究对象、建模方法、求解算法分别介绍国内外TFP的研究现状;在此基础上,对比并评述国内外编组计划在编制流程、构成内容和建模方法3个方面的特点;最后探讨在优化方法和优化内容上进一步研究的思路。     

Robust traffic assignment model: Formulation,solution algorithms and empirical application

ABSTRACT

The deterministic traffic assignment problem based on Wardrop's first criterion of traffic network utilization has been widely studied in the literature. However, the assumption of deterministic travel times in these models is restrictive, given the large degree of uncertainty prevalent in urban transportation networks. In this context, this paper proposes a robust traffic assignment model that generalizes Wardrop's principle of traffic network equilibrium to networks with stochastic and correlated link travel times and incorporates the aversion of commuters to unreliable routes.

The user response to travel time uncertainty is modeled using the robust cost (RC) measure (defined as a weighted combination of the mean and standard deviation of path travel time) and the corresponding robust user equilibrium (UE) conditions are defined. The robust traffic assignment problem (RTAP) is subsequently formulated as a Variational Inequality problem. To solve the RTAP, a Gradient Projection algorithm is proposed, which involves solving a series of minimum RC path sub-problems that are theoretically and practically harder than deterministic shortest path problems. In addition, an origin-based heuristic is proposed to enhance computational performance on large networks. Numerical experiments examine the computational performance and convergence characteristics of the exact algorithm and establish the accuracy and efficiency of the origin-based heuristic on various real-world networks. Finally, the proposed RTA model is applied to the Chennai road network using empirical data, and its benefits as a normative benchmark are quantified through comparisons against the standard UE and System Optimum (SO) models.     

Singular perturbation composite control of a free-floating flexible dual-arm space robot

The Free-floating Flexible Dual-arm Space Robot is a highly nonlinear and coupled dynamics system. In this paper, the dynamic model is derived of a Free-floating Flexible Dual-arm Space Robot holding a rigid payload. Furthermore, according to the singular perturbation method, the system is separated into a slow subsystem representing rigid body motion of the robot and a fast subsystem representing the flexible link dynamics. For the slow subsystem, based on the second method of Lyapunov, using simple quantitative bounds on the model uncertainties, a robust tracking controller design is used during the trajectory tracking phase. The optimal control method is designed in the fast subsystem to guarantee the exponential stability. With the combination of the two above, the system can track the expected trajectory accurately, even though with uncertainty in model parameters, and its flexible vibration gets suppressed, too. Finally, some simulation tests have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

基于改进GA优化的水下机器人航向鲁棒控制

基于某型号水下机器人水平面线性化模型,针对水下机器人系统存在的多种不确定因素,工作环境复杂多变的问题,采用混合灵敏度法设计水下机器人航向鲁棒控制器。在设计中,通过罚函数小生境遗传适应度值作为桥梁建立起遗传寻优与混合灵敏度参数之间的关系,构成多目标优化问题寻优加权函数。实验结果表明,所用方法可在保证系统较强鲁棒性的同时,又能兼顾时域指标和混合灵敏度加权函数频域要求,获得综合性能指标最优的鲁棒控制器,控制效果较好。     

水下机器人姿态角LQR-鲁棒方差控制实验研究

采用自动平衡控制系统作为物理仿真系统对水下机器人姿态角控制进行实验研究.结合具体系统设计了鲁棒方差控制器,分析了设计参数和系统参数变化对系统性能的影响.针对系统对大偏差和小偏差不同的要求,采用了LQR控制和鲁棒方差控制复合控制器;结合实际参数不确定范围确定了合理的设计参数范围;进一步结合实际调试中的具体问题确定了适当的系统参数.研究表明,LQR-鲁棒方差控制策略可以保证系统在较大范围的参数变化时保持稳定,有适当的带宽,并对随机干扰实现了合理的抑制.研究结果可供研制水下机器人控制系统参考.     

Design of rollover prevention controller with linear matrix inequality-based trajectory sensitivity minimisation

This paper presents a method to design a rollover prevention controller for vehicle systems. The vehicle rollover can be prevented by a controller that minimises the lateral acceleration and the roll angle. Rollover prevention capability can be enhanced if the controlled vehicle system is robust to the variation of the height of the centre of gravity and the speed of the vehicle. For this purpose, a robust controller is designed with linear matrix inequality-based trajectory sensitivity minimisation. Differential braking and active suspension are adopted as actuators that generate yaw and roll moments, respectively. The newly proposed method is shown to be effective in preventing rollover by the simulation on a non-linear multibody dynamic simulation software, CarSim^®.     

Robust cascade control for the horizontal motion of a vehicle with single-wheel actuators

The article presents a cascade control for the horizontal motion of a vehicle with single-wheel actuators. The outer control loop for the longitudinal and lateral accelerations and the yaw rate ensures a desired vehicle motion. By a combination of state feedback control and observer-based disturbance feedforward the inner control loop robustly stabilises the rotating and steering motions of the wheels in spite of unknown frictions between tyres and ground. Since the three degrees of freedom of the horizontal motion are affected by eight tyre forces, the vehicle considered is an over-actuated system. Thus additional control objectives can be realised besides the desired motion trajectory as, for example, a maximum in driving safety. The corresponding analytical tyre force allocation also guarantees real-time capability because of its relatively low computational effort. Provided suitable fault detection and isolation are available, the proposed cascade control has the potential of fault-tolerance, because the force allocation is adaptable. Another benefit results from the modular control structure, because it allows a stepwise implementation. Besides, it only requires a small number of measurements for control purposes. These measurements are the rotational speeds and steering angles of the wheels, the longitudinal and lateral acceleration and the yaw rate of the vehicle.     

出口道左转交叉口信号控制鲁棒优化方法

为了提高出口道左转交叉口在现实交通需求和供给波动环境中的适应性，权衡运行效率与稳定性，对其鲁棒优化方法进行研究。在对出口道左转交叉口运行特点和饱和流率进行分析的基础上，提出从交通需求分布、基本饱和流率分布和实际运行车速分布3个方面考虑交通的波动性，以适应出口道左转交叉口交通供给波动与控制方案相关联的特征。在此基础上，分别以平均值-标准差最小、条件风险值最小和最大值最小化为目标，建立3种信号控制鲁棒优化方法，并基于遗传算法建立求解算法。通过算例分析，对鲁棒优化算法的准确性、平均值-标准差模型的参数取值和3种鲁棒优化方法优化效益进行分析。研究结果表明：所建立的鲁棒优化方法可实现交通需求和供给波动下出口道左转交叉口信号控制与设计车速的优化设计，相较于传统控制方案其在保证效率的前提下提高了控制方案运行的稳定性；平均值-标准差模型和条件风险值模型对于各项指标均表现较好，可在保障平均延误维持较优值的基础上（案例中车均延误增加小于3%）显著改善运行效果的稳定性（案例中延误标准差减少约40%）；最小-最大模型对延误最大值的优化效果最佳，但其对于控制方案的整体效率会造成较大的负面影响（案例中车均延误增加了8.19%）。