HX_D1C型机车抱轴箱组装工艺难点及解决方案

文章介绍了HXD1C型大功率电力机车抱轴箱组装的结构形式,详细分析了抱轴箱组装的工艺难点,并针对工艺难点提出了解决方案,以利于抱轴箱工艺的执行,对机车今后大修以及其它车型抱轴箱组装提供参考。     

Methods to reduce dimensionality and identify candidate solutions in multi-objective signal timing problems

Adjusting traffic signal timings is a practical way for agencies to manage urban traffic without the need for significant infrastructure investments. Signal timings are generally selected to minimize the total control delay vehicles experience at an intersection, particularly when the intersection is isolated or undersaturated. However, in practice, there are many other potential objectives that might be considered in signal timing design, including: total passenger delay, pedestrian delays, delay inequity among competing movements, total number of stopping maneuvers, among others. These objectives do not tend to share the same relationships with signal timing plans and some of these objectives may be in direct conflict. The research proposes the use of a new multi-objective optimization (MOO) visualization technique—the mosaic plot—to easily quantify and identify significant tradeoffs between competing objectives using the set of Pareto optimal solutions that are normally provided by MOO algorithms. Using this tool, methods are also proposed to identify and remove potentially redundant or unnecessary objectives that do not have any significant tradeoffs with others in an effort to reduce problem dimensionality. Since MOO procedures will still be needed if more than one objective remains and MOO algorithms generally provide a set of candidate solutions instead of a single final solution, two methods are proposed to rank the set of Pareto optimal solutions based on how well they balance between the competing objectives to provide a final recommendation. These methods rely on converting the objectives to dimensionless values based on the optimal value for each specific objectives, which allows for direct comparison between and weighting of each. The proposed methods are demonstrated using a simple numerical example of an undersaturated intersection where all objectives can be analytically obtained. However, they can be readily applied to other signal timing problems where objectives can be obtained using simulation outputs to help identify the signal timing plan that provides the most reasonable tradeoff between competing objectives.     

铈锆氧化物固溶体制备方法的比较研究

分别采用均匀沉淀法和共沉淀法制备了铈锆氧化物固溶体,研究了制备方法对铈锆氧化物固溶体的晶体结构、比表面积以及储氧能力的影响。结果表明,均匀沉淀法制备的铈锆氧化物固溶体的比表面积小,储氧能力较强,所制得的三效催化剂具有良好的催化活性,但该方法所制备的铈锆氧化物固溶体耐高温性能较差。     

竖向荷载作用于半无限体内部时的粘弹性解

建筑物的持续沉降,特别是软土地区的建筑物基础沉降通常与地基土的流变性密切相关。考虑地基土的粘弹性特征,系统研究了空间半无限体内部作用集中力时的粘弹性解。研究假定半无限体为线性粘弹性介质,半无限体在内部集中力作用下的应力状态为三维应力状态,应力球张量和应变球张量之间符合弹性关系,而应力偏张量和应变偏张量之间符合Kevin固体粘弹性应力应变关系。利用半空间体内部受竖向集中力的Mindlin弹性解,根据准静态弹性-弹粘性对应原理,在相同荷载条件下,首先对弹性解进行Laplace变换,然后将弹性解中的物理参数用线性粘弹性理论中经过Laplace变换的物理参数来替代,最后再进行Laplace逆变换,求得位移、应力粘弹性解答。作为解答的应用,给出了粘弹性半无限空间体内部矩形面积上作用有竖向均布荷载、三角形分布荷载时的粘弹性沉降计算公式。解答的退化验证表明,该粘弹性解答是正确的,所得到的解答对工程实践具有一定的意义。     

Propagating buckles in corroded pipelines

Rigid–plastic solutions for the steady-state, quasi-static buckle propagation pressure in corroded pipelines are derived and compared to finite element predictions (ABAQUS). The corroded pipeline is modeled as an infinitely long, cylindrical shell with a section of reduced thickness that is used to describe the corrosion. A five plastic hinge mechanism is used to describe plastic collapse of the corroded pipeline. Closed-form expressions are given for the buckle propagation pressure as a function of the amount of corrosion in an X77 steel pipeline. Buckles that propagate down the pipeline are caused by either global or snap-through buckling, depending on the amount of corrosion. Global buckling occurs when the angular extent of the corrosion is greater than 90°. When the angular extent is less than 90° and the corrosion is severe, snap-through buckling takes place. The buckle propagation pressure and the corresponding collapse modes also compare well to finite element predictions.     

某轿车发动机冷却系统水温偏高的分析与改进

轿车发动机水温偏高会导致发动机过热,引起功率下降和油耗增加,是发动机开发过程中必须解决的问题。文章从发动机冷却系统零部件性能入手进行分析,并进行了试验方案设计,找出了引起发动机水温偏高的主要原因。提出通过修改节温器的开启温度和升程,可解决冷却系统水温偏高的难题。为发动机冷却系统故障排除指出了解决思路。     

沉桩施工溜桩问题分析及解决措施

在码头桩基施工过程中,尤其是在软基条件下的沉桩施工,出现溜桩是一种常见现象.对溜桩产生原因进行分析,指出溜桩可能引发的各种问题,若对溜桩处理不当,会造成桩身裂缝、断桩等缺陷,严重时可能还会造成安全事故,在此基础上,结合具体工程案例,介绍了溜桩事前和事后所采取的解决措施,并进一步对解决措施进行检验,经检验,解决措施效果良好,可为同类工程提供借鉴.     

用微粒群算法求解多元非线性方程组

分析了将多元非线性方程组的求解问题转化为求多元函数极值的优化问题的原理和方法;利用微粒群算法在连续空间中的优化能力求得极值点,得到方程组的近似解;给出了优化算法的具体流程;通过两个算例说明算法的可行性和有效性,实验结果表明此算法具有较高的效率和精度．     

浅析公路工程项目可行性研究存在的问题及解决方法

阐述了现阶段我国公路建设在可行性研究工作中存在的主要问题,并对存在的问题提出了解决方法。     

加强高校财务分析的思考

文章阐述了高校财务分析的意义,分析了目前高校财务分析存在的主要问题,并就加强高校财务分析的措施进行了探讨。