国际工程物资采购和管理风险分析与对策

随着改革开放的不断深入和国民经济的快速发展,我国施工企业参加国际工程承包项目的机会越来越多。但在国际工程项目建设中,所需的物资采购和管理是一个关键环节,处理不好可能存在各种风险,给企业造成经济损失。此文根据国际工程物资采购和流转的特点,对物资采购和管理过程中存在的风险进行识别与分析。通过分析,提出防范和控制风险的对策及建议。     

Factors influencing the purchasing decisions of low emission cars: A study of Slovenia

This paper presents a study of customer preferences and opinions about alternative fuel vehicles. Nowadays the studies of green technologies, especially in the area of green transport, are interesting for policy makers, vehicle producers, customers and energy suppliers. Many stakeholders from public and private sector are investing a lot of effort to identify consumer behaviour for future improvements in development of their green products and strategies. This study is a modification of previously conducted research on customer behaviour on the same topic in Scotland. The survey includes almost 700 participants to identify the most important parameters of consumer behaviour related to purchase of alternative fuel vehicle. Therefore the questionnaire includes different factors, combining financial and technical aspects, environmental performance and vehicle design. Results have revealed that the most relevant factor for purchasing low emission vehicle is total vehicle price, and that the segment of potential alternative fuel vehicles buyers is much larger than we initially anticipated. Such vehicles are, surprisingly, also more attractive for the older population, according to our results.     

Motivating small-displacement car purchasing in China

Due to the rapid development of the automobile industry and the ever-increasing quantities of produced and sold automobiles in China, many problems such as fuel scarcity and air pollution have emerged. To alleviate such problems, one solution is to promote households to purchase small-displacement (engine) cars (SDCs). Based on the theory of planned behavior, we develop a theoretical framework to examine how influencing factors such as environmental attitude, subjective norm, self-image and environmental knowledge motivate SDC purchasing behavior through SDC purchasing intention in China. We further extend the research framework to examine whether the factor of economic incentives moderates the relationships between SDC purchasing intention and behaviors. Using an empirical study with 232 usable questionnaire responses, we observe that SDC purchasing intention partly mediates the relationship between three of four influencing factors (environmental attitude, self-image, environmental knowledge) and SDC purchasing behavior. Statistical results also show that the factor of economic incentives moderates the relationship between SDC purchasing intention and behavior. Our results indicate that three of four influencing factors can yield SDC purchasing behavior, especially when SDC purchasing intention exists. Economic incentives such as financial support from the government could promote SDC purchasing intention to transform into purchasing behavior.     

企业采购成本控制的措施

采购成本的降低对于提高企业经济效益,增强企业核心竞争力十分重要.文章提出,通过提高采购部门的成本意识、采购人员的业务培训、采购监督约束机制的完善、采购模式的合理选择等降低企业采购过程中的整体成本,从根本上解决企业采购成本居高不下的问题.