铁路桥梁浅基冲刷防护方案探讨

桥梁基础长期处于水环境中,在水流冲刷作用下,河床下切导致基础埋置深度减小,容易使基础产生病害进而影响结构强度和稳定性,同时降低地基基础承载力。通过分析河床冲刷对基础承载力的影响,结合铁路桥梁基础加固防护工程实践,探讨基础加固防护方案的合理性与可行性,对有效预防和整治因基础冲刷而产生的桥梁病害具有重要意义。     

冲刷条件下既有桥梁桩基础工作性状研究进展

水流冲刷可导致桥梁桩基础周围土体受到侵蚀,其后果轻则降低桩基础承载力,重则导致整座桥梁坍塌。尽管有关桥梁桩基础冲刷的研究很多,而涉及如何评价冲刷对桥梁桩基础承载性状影响的研究却较少,但正在受到学术界与工程界的高度重视。在分析由冲刷引起桥墩、桥台及桩基病害的基础上,重点从理论分析、数值模拟、模型试验等方面评述冲刷条件下,桩基水平和竖向承载性状的研究现状与进展,认为急需更多系统性的研究以探求合理的理论分析方法。因而,有必要进行大量的数值模拟和模型试验甚至是现场试验来研究桩基的冲刷性状,进而为找到分析冲刷对整座桥梁结构安全性能影响的实用评估方法提供理论基础。     

Experimental investigation on scour development and scour protection for offshore converter platform

Local scour around the offshore converter platform caused by current and wave will lead to the instability of foundation. A series of experiments are performed to investigate the scour development and scour protection of the offshore converter platform. The development and evolution characteristics of the local scour around the gravity based structure foundation under the actions of current flow and wave are analyzed. The results show that the edge scour mainly occurs at the lateral sides of the platform and the scour pits are symmetrical about the centerline of the platform in the streamwise flow direction. The scour depth around the gravity based structure increases with the increase of flow velocity. The inclination and collapse of the platform is observed at α = 90° and U₀ = 0.25 m/s. The sand ripples are observed around the gravity based structure under the wave action, and the scour depth increases with the increase of wave height and wave period. Based on the comparisons of different scour protection methods, the combined bionic grass-geotextile-riprap protection has the best scour protection efficiency for the offshore converter platform.     

A method for structural damage detection considering scour depth under the pile-soil interaction

The structure of an offshore wind turbine accumulates damage during its service life, while its surrounding soil is continually scoured. However, the existing damage detection technique based on structural mode ignores scouring, which will cause damage misjudgment in engineering application. Therefore, the effect of scour depth on structural damage detection need to be studied urgently. In this paper, the pile and its surrounding soil are constructed into a vibration system, and the change of soil constraint state caused by scouring is reflected in structural mode. Based on that, a new structural damage detection method considering the pile-soil interaction is developed, which is suitable for engineering reality. Then, from a comparison between the calculated result and preset damage in the numerical simulations and model experiments, the proposed method is validated. The results show that the interference factors caused by scouring increase with the increase of scour depth, which causes the deterioration of damage identification effects gradually, and even masks the preset damage in the end. Finally, an optimized FE model based on the actual scour depth is presented, which reduces the number of interference factors and improves the effect of damage detection significantly.