三峡库区下洛碛库段消落带生态护岸方案

三峡库区重庆渝北区下洛碛土质库段消落带因近岸采砂形成水下深槽,受江水冲刷库岸造成岸坡崩塌导致库岸线不断后移,区内生境已呈现不可逆转的破坏。为寻求一种兼顾环境、生态与经济的综合治理方案,通过现场勘察,在查明消落带地形地貌、岩土体特征、水文地质特征等的基础上,提出传统斜坡生态护岸和特拉锚垫生态护岸2种方案,并从施工工艺、护岸效果、生态恢复效果、施工周期、施工场地条件和后期养护成本共6个方面对比了2种方案的优缺点。结果表明,特拉锚垫生态河道系统护坡方案因其施工工艺简单、植物易活绿化覆盖率高、满足岸坡对江水侵蚀作用的防治需求等优势,更适合类似下洛碛库段消落带的江河湖泊和库区消落带土质和硬质岸坡的生态修复需求,可推广应用。

Ecological bank revetment in fluctuation zone of Xialuoqi reservoir section in the Three Gorges reservoir area

The fluctuation zone of Xialuoqi reservoir section is prone to bank slope erosion due to nearshore sand mining and river water scouring.The ecological environment in the area has been irreversibly damaged.To find out a comprehensive treatment method considering environmental,ecological and economic functions,the paper proposes two treatment schemes,i.e.traditional slope ecological revetment(TSER)and Tera anchor pad ecological revetment(TAPER),and compares the advantages and disadvantages of them in terms of six aspects,including construction technology,revetment effect,ecological restoration effect,construction period,construction site conditions and later maintenance cost.It is concluded that TAPER is more suitable because of its advantages of simple construction technology,live adaption for plants,broad green coverage,and meeting the prevention needs of the bank slope erosion,and is also suitable for other soil banks or rock banks in rivers and lakes prone to slope erosion.Thus it is expected to be further promoted and applied for bank slope reinforcement and ecological restoration.