Database of sail shapes versus sail performance and validation of numerical calculations for the upwind condition |
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Authors: | Yutaka Masuyama Yusuke Tahara Toichi Fukasawa Naotoshi Maeda |
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Institution: | (1) Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 7-1 Ohgigaoka, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8501, Japan;(2) National Maritime Research Institute, Japan, 6-38-1 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0004, Japan;(3) Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd., Ikeda, Osaka 563-0044, Japan |
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Abstract: | A database of full-scale three-dimensional sail shapes is presented with the aerodynamic coefficients for the upwind condition
of International Measurement System (IMS) type sails. Three-dimensional shape data are used for the input of numerical calculations
and the results are compared with the measured sail performance. The sail shapes and performance were measured using sail
dynamometer boat Fujin. This is a boat of 10.3-m length overall in which load cells and CCD cameras were installed to simultaneously measure the
sail forces and shapes. At the same time, the sailing conditions of the boat, e.g., boat speed, heel angle, wind speed, and
wind angle, were measured. The sail configurations tested were: mainsail with 130% jib, mainsail with 75% jib, and mainsail
alone. Sail shapes were measured at several vertical positions for the shape parameters defined by: chord length, maximum
draft, maximum draft position, entry angle at the luff, and exit angle at the leech, all of which finally yield three-dimensional
coordinates of the sail geometry. The tabulated shape data, along with aerodynamic coefficients, are presented in this article.
In addition, numerical flow simulations were performed for the measured sail shapes and the sailing conditions to investigate
the capability and limitations of the methods through detailed comparison with the measurements. Two numerical methods were
used: a vortex lattice method (VLM) and a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)-based computational fluid dynamics method.
The sail shape database, in association with the numerical results, provides a good benchmark for the sail performance analysis
of the upwind condition of IMS type sails. |
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Keywords: | Database Sail shape Sail performance Validation Vortex lattice method RANS-based CFD |
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