我国隧道及地下工程的历史机遇、发展困局及若干建议

改革开放40年来，我国隧道及地下工程建设取得了令世人瞩目的成就，但隧道及地下工程建设项目存在的问题同样突出，重视和解决当下的隧道及地下工程困局已经到了刻不容缓的地步。首先，从国家基本建设的发展态势及隧道与地下工程的优势分析，得出我国隧道及地下工程发展有着良好的历史机遇。通过实例说明目前隧道的发展困局主要是隧道工程巨额亏损。然后，从工程理念、技术运用、管理体制和实务操作等方面分析导致我国隧道及地下工程发展困局的原因： 1）处于主导地位的理念措施造成专业领域建设指导思想的混乱，包括低造价“王者称霸”、“狂躁症”害人害己、旧思维难以生新； 2）在技术方面，主要是工法运用不当带来的严重后果； 3）隧道工程建设管理体制失调和管理实务操作失控，造成的不良后果明显。最后，从事业和产业进步的角度出发，提出对我国隧道及地下工程发展的建议： 1）改革建设管理体制； 2）加大对生态环境保护的投入； 3)走机械化、自动化、智能化之路； 4）培养和造就隧道建设专业队伍； 5）重视和提倡工程经济学研究。

Historic Opportunity,Development Predicament and Some Suggestions for Tunnel and Underground Works in China

In 40 years since reform and opening, the tunnel and underground works in China have achieved remarkable success, but serious problems still exist. Hence, it is time to solve current development predicament of tunnel and underground works in China. Firstly, by analyzing the development trend of China′s capital construction and advantages of tunnel and underground works, the conclusion that the development of tunnel and underground works in China will have good historical opportunities is drawn. And then, the huge construction loss is considered as the main cause for development predicament according to examples analysis. The causes for development predicament of tunnel and underground works in China are analyzed from aspects of engineering concept, technology application and practical operation, which includes (1) the dominant ideas lead to guiding thought confusion, including low cost, seeking quick success and instant benefits and lockstep; (2) incorrect use of construction method leads to serious consequences; (3) maladjustment of management system and out of control of practical operation leads to obvious adverse consequence. Finally, some suggestions for tunnel and underground works in China are proposed from the aspects for career and industry progress, which includes (1) reform management systems of tunnel and underground works construction; (2) increase ecological environmental protection input; (3) develop mechanization, automation and intelligentization; (4) cultivate professional team of tunnel construction; (5) value and advocate engineering economics study.