河道水流冲刷对推移质运动形态影响试验研究

水流冲刷下的床面是推移质运动的场所，研究微观床面形态对推移质运动的影响，有利于探究床面上推移质运动的规律，对河道治理有较好的促进作用。经过系列水槽试验，选取具有代表性的视频，采用图像识别技术，对视频中运动的物体进行标记，分析推移质在床面运动的规律，探究水流冲刷对推移质运动形态的影响。结果表明：大颗粒在床面上的运动方向与水流方向形成一个小于30°的、路径较直的夹角；小颗粒在床面的运动受近底流速的影响，聚集体会对河床表面水流进行树枝型分流，导致小颗粒的运动方向时刻变化，与水流方向夹角范围在0°～90°，在2个聚集体之间加速较为明显；不同形态的聚集体的稳定性不同，且聚集体之间可相互转化。

Experimental study on influence of river flow scour on morphology of moving mass

The bed under the erosion of the current is the place where the moving mass moves. Studying the influence of the micro-bed surface shape on the moving mass is helpful for exploring the law of the moving mass on the bed,and it has a good promotion effect on river management. After a series of tank experiments,a representative video was selected,and image recognition technology was used to mark moving objects in the video,analyze the movement law of the moving mass on the bed surface,and explore the effect of water scour on the shape of the moving mass.The results show that the direction of motion of the large particles on the bed and the direction of the water flow form an angle of less than 30° with a straight path;the movement of small particles on the bed surface is affected by the near-bottom velocity,and the aggregates will branch off the flow on the surface of the riverbed,causing the direction of small particles to change at all times.The angle with the direction of water flow is in the range of 0°~90°,and the acceleration between the two aggregates is more obvious;aggregates of different morphologies have different stability,and the aggregates can be transformed into each other.