复杂艰险山区地质灾害识别与铁路减灾选线

复杂艰险山区铁路规划设计必须重视以规避、防范地质灾害风险为根本的减灾选线;地质灾害识别是减灾选线的基础,必须重视地质灾害的识别与评估。从铁路减灾选线工作出发,分析地质灾害识别与铁路减灾选线的相互关系,研究地质灾害识别的途径、方法,以及地质灾害识别的内容、程式,提出基于铁路减灾选线的地质灾害识别工作重点、要点。指出:灾害类型识别、灾害机理识别、灾害风险识别是地质灾害识别三大基本任务,地质灾害识别工作要结合铁路减灾选线工作来开展,应做好区域系统识别、沿线全面识别、区段详细识别。复杂艰险山区地质灾害识别的工作重点是:宏观把握区域重大地质灾害类型、分布与特征,做好线路径路方案选择;识别铁路沿线突出地质灾害,做好线路与工程方案的比选;查明铁路区段地质灾害,做好工程防灾减灾设计。

Identification of Geological Hazards and Disaster Reduction Techniques of Railway Route Selection in Complex Dangerous Mountain Area

In the planning and design of railways in complex dangerous mountain areas,it is necessary to pay attention to the disaster reduction techniques of railway route selection which is based on avoiding and preventing the risk of geological disaster. As the disaster identification is the basis of the route selection,the identification and evaluation of the geological hazards must be attached importance to. Starting from the work of disaster reduction of railway route selection,this paper analyzes the relationship between geological disaster identification and railway disaster reduction and selection,studies the ways and methods of geological disaster identification,as well as the content and program of geological disaster identification,and puts forward the key points of geological disaster identification based on railway disaster reduction and selection. It is pointed out that the identification of hazard type,mechanism and risk are three basic tasks of geological hazard identification,which should be carried out in combination with the work of railway disaster reduction,including regional system identification,comprehensive identification along the line and detailed identification of sections. The key points of the identification of geological disasters in complex and dangerous mountainous areas are: to grasp the type,distribution and characteristics of regional major geological disasters macroscopically,and do a good job in the selection of route schemes;to identify the prominent geological hazards along the railway line,make comparison and selection between the line and the engineering scheme and to find out the geological disaster in railway section and design the disaster prevention and reduction projects well.