基于飞行员主观评价的机场道面优化设计

日本东京羽田国际机场第4跑道规划建于东京湾东侧,2/3位于填海造地的人工岛上,其余1/3位于多摩川河口上,为了疏散河水,该部分采用桥梁结构。对于桥梁部分机场跑道,荷载作用下桥面的变形和桥路基过渡段的不均匀沉降是影响飞机乘坐舒适性和飞行操作安全性的2个主要因素。借助飞行模拟试验,根据飞行员主观评价的调查结果对桥面混凝土板厚度和过渡段沉降标准进行优化。结果表明,桥面板弯沉和过渡段不均匀沉降的增大会降低飞行操作安全性和乘坐舒适性,尤其对舒适性的影响更为明显。依据50%以上的飞行员对道面性能的评价为不舒服或更差这一标准,最终对羽田机场第4跑道桥面板厚度和过渡段不均匀沉降标准进行了优化。

Optimal Design of Airport Runway Pavement Based on Pilots' Subjective Evaluation

The fourth runway of Tokyo Haneda International Airport was partly constructed with pier structure to evacuate river water as this part was located on a river mouth.Deformation of pier deck under load and uneven settlement at the joint of pier structure and reclaimed ground were two major factors responsible for aircraft riding comfort and operation safety.With the help of flight simulation test,this paper aimed to optimize concrete plate thickness and settlement standard according to pilots' subjective evaluation.The results indicated that operation safety and riding comfort decreased with the increase of deflection or faulting.Deflection and uneven settlement exerted greater influence on riding comfort.Based on the criterion that at least 50% of the pilots rated the riding comfort of a runway surface as uncomfortable or worse,bridge deck thickness and uneven settlement standard at the joint were optimized.