长江下游安庆港及其航道泥沙沉积原因的分析

安庆河道位于长江下游，长度50km。安庆港位于安庆河道北岸。从1880年至1984年，长达23．2km的安庆港岸线很稳定，岸线平均水深大于9．6m，安庆水道平均水深大于13．9m，成为长江中下游天然深水港。1984年以来，安庆港被泥沙沉积，安庆水道因江心洲浅滩的沉积趋向恶化，在枯水期安庆港西区和江心洲浅滩的水深分别小于4m和3．6m，影响航运。本文根据地理调查，近120年航行图的比较，对航道水深的测量，对官洲河岸整治、封堵汉道、采砂作了评述，着重研究了1984年以来安庆河道主流线变化和安庆港与江心洲浅滩的沉积。这些研究成果对安庆港及其航道治理和长江中下游港口与航道建设均有重要的参考价值。

Analysis of the Causes of Silt Deposition in Anqing Port and Its Channels in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

The Anqing Channel of 50 km long is located in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River. The port Anqing is on the north bank of the Anqing Channel. From 1880 to 1984 the Anqing Port's rive line of 23.2 kim length was quite stable with an average water depth above 9.6 m, and the average water depth of the Anqing waterway was 12.9m, so the port was a natural deepwater port in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River. Since 1984 the Anqing Port was silted, its navigable situation has been worsened due to the deposition of the Jangxinzhou shoal. In dry seasons the water depths in its west region and the Jiangxinzhou shal were less than 4 m and 3.6 m respectively. This paper presents some comments on the realignment problems of the Gonzhou river bank, blockade branching channel and mine sand, according to the geographic investigation, the comparison of historical charts for the last 120 years and the measurement of the water depth of navgation channel and river bank, in which the study on the changes of line of maximum velocity at the Anqing channel and deposition of the Anqing Port and the Jiangxinzhou shoal since 1984 are emphasized. The achievements of the study provides of reference for harnessing the Anqing Port and its navigation channel and the construction of the ports and their channels in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtz River.