基于车路系统的事故现场轮胎印迹强度参数化研究

为明确事故现场可视轮胎印迹强度与车辆动力学特性、轮胎橡胶磨损特征及道路表面灰度之间的关联特性，提出基于车路耦合的事故现场轮胎印迹强度参数化研究方法。通过结合动态滑动摩擦因数模型及轮胎非线性模型，建立车辆路面9 DOF非线性系统动力学模型，运用VBOX惯性测量技术验证模型的有效性。运用胎面磨损能量模型，从车路系统角度确定车辆、轮胎和路面特性对轮胎全局摩擦力及胎面磨损特性的影响。结合印迹强度特征模型提出轮胎印迹强度参数研究方法，选取不同制动、转向角工况及3组路面、胎面特性对轮胎路面接地力学特性、胎面橡胶磨损量、可视轮胎印迹特征进行仿真分析。结果表明：印迹强度仅与全局摩擦力大小有关，与轮胎路面滑移方向无关；滑移工况下胎面橡胶磨损量随着全局摩擦力和滑移速度的增大而增大，而印迹强度变化不明显；制动力矩和道路表面灰度对产生可视轮胎印迹起决定作用，转向角主要影响不规则可视轮胎印迹的产生；前轮轮胎最先出现可视印迹，且可视印迹长度和强度均高于后轮轮胎；采取可视印迹起点作为事故车辆速度判定具有一定的误差，应根据具体情况进行具体分析；研究成果能够为基于可视轮胎印迹的交通事故重建提供理论基础。

Parametric Research of Tire Mark Intensity in Accident Scene Based on Vehicle-road System

To define the relationship between the intensity of tire marks and vehicle dynamics, and between the tire rubber wear mechanism and road gray feature, a parameter method to analyze the intensity of tire marks in accident scenes involving tires and vehicles are proposed. In consideration of the dynamic sliding friction model and tire dynamic feature, an improved nine-DOF vehicle-road nonlinear system model is established. Subsequently, the effectiveness of the model is evaluated through a real vehicle test using the vehicle stability detection system, which is based on the VBOX. The effects of the vehicle, tire, and road to the gliding friction force and tread wear feature are analyzed with the utilization of the tread wear energy model. Finally, a parameter method to analyze the intensity of tire marks is proposed based on the tire marks intension model. The simulation test is conducted under different braking forces, steering angles, three road types, and tire rubber to study the tire-road contact feature, tread wear amount, and visible tire marks feature. The results show that:the intensity of tire marks has a tight relation with gliding force regardless of the sliding direction; the key factors affecting the visible tire marks are the brake force and the road surface gray feature, and the steering angle has an evident effect judging by the visible tire marks irregular feature; the visible tire marks on the front tires appeared earlier, and have longer and higher intensions compared to the rear tires. The evidence shows that, the error to determine the vehicle speed based on the tire marks' starting point is inevitable and specific analyses should be performed according to the actual situation. The study provides a useful insight into accident rebuilding based on visible tire marks.