驾驶风格对驾驶行为的影响

为了揭示驾驶风格对驾驶行为的影响规律，进而提取表征驾驶风格的特征参数，对不同风格驾驶人在感知层和操作层的驾驶行为数据进行了量化分析。首先，基于驾驶行为问卷对18名中国非职业驾驶人进行了驾驶风格问卷调查，并采用主成分分析、K-均值聚类等方法将被试驾驶人分为谨慎型、正常型和激进型3种类型。接着，被试驾驶人在搭载了SmartEye眼动仪的驾驶模拟器上开展了高速公路行车环境下的驾驶试验，同步采集了感知层的视觉特性参数和操作层的驾驶绩效参数，并采用判断抽样的方式将驾驶样本按照驾驶风格和驾驶模式（换道意图和车道保持）进行了划分，共选取了810组有效样本。最后，采用方差分析法分析了不同风格驾驶人在不同驾驶模式下的注视行为、扫视行为、横向控制特性、纵向控制特性方面相关参数的差异显著性，并提取了不同风格间存在显著差异的参数作为表征驾驶风格的特征参数。研究结果表明：驾驶风格越激进，驾驶人对周围环境关注越少，对车辆的横向控制稳定性越差，急加速和急减速行为发生的频次越高；不同风格驾驶人在意图时窗内对后视镜的注视次数（p=0.002）、方向盘转角熵值（p=0.04）、加速踏板开度（p=0.01）、制动踏板开度（p=0.02）这4个参数的差异均较为显著，因此可作为表征驾驶风格的特征参数。

Effects of Driving Style on Driver Behavior

To reveal the influence laws of driving style on driver behavior and to select the driving style characteristic parameters, the quantitative analysis of the driver behavior data of different style drivers was performed, which included the data in situation awareness and operational layers during driving. First, a questionnaire survey of driving style was conducted on 18 non-professional Chinese drivers based on the driver behavior questionnaire; additionally, principal components analysis and K-means clustering were used to quantify the driving style and classify the 18 participants into three groups:cautious, normal, and aggressive drivers. Subsequently, the 18 drivers drove in the highway traffic environment on a driving simulator equipped with a SmartEye system; meanwhile, the visual characteristic parameters and driving performance parameters were acquired synchronously, and a judgment sampling method was used to select the samples according to the driving styles and driving maneuvers (which included lane changing intention and lane keeping). Subsequently, 810 effective samples were obtained. Finally, the analysis of variance method was used to analyze the significant difference between the different driving styles in gaze behavior, saccade behavior, as well as lateral and longitudinal control characteristics during different maneuvers, followed by the extraction of parameters that have significant differences between different styles as the driving style characteristic parameters. The results show that the aggressive drivers exhibit less attention to the surrounding environment, worse stability in lateral control, and more frequent emergency accelerating and braking. Additionally, the differences between different driving styles are significant in those parameters:gaze times to the rearview mirror during the intention time window(p=0.002), steering entropy(p=0.04), accelerator pedal position(p=0.01), and brake pedal position(p=0.02). Accordingly, these four parameters are selected as the characteristic parameters of the driving styles.