Investigation on lowering commuters’ in-cabin exposure to ultrafine particles |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, 200092 Shanghai, China;2. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Drive S., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;1. Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA;2. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Joensuu Research Unit, Yliopistonkatu 6, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland;3. Department of Physics, P.O. Box 48, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland;1. School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;2. Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Traffic Environmental Monitoring and Control, Guangzhou 510006, China;3. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transportation System, Guangzhou 510006, China;4. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 468 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Lebanon;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Lebanon;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada;1. MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK;2. Institute of Population Health Sciences, Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK;3. MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, London, UK;4. NIHR Environmental Exposure and Health HPRU, Imperial College London, UK;1. George Mason University, Department of Civil, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, United States;2. University of Washington, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, United States;3. University of Minnesota, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geo- Engineering, United States;4. University of Sydney, School of Civil Engineering, Australia |
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| Abstract: | To determine ways to reduce commuters’ ultrafine particle exposure, factors such as ventilation condition, mechanical airflow rate, driving speed, cabin air filter quality, and cabin air filter use are examined. The results show that the in-cabin to on-roadway ratio is reduced by 20% when the fan is set to recirculation-on versus when set to recirculation-off because fewer ultrafine particles are exchanged between the inside and outside of the cabin. Also, when the fan is set to recirculation-off, the ratio is reduced by 40% at lower mechanical airflow rates. The thickest cabin air filter resulted in a 30% in-cabin to on-roadway ratio decrease compared with the thinnest. Thus, driving conditions with the least UFP in-cabin to on-roadway ratio is when a vehicle is operating with a high efficiency cabin filter, the ventilation set to fan-on and recycling is recirculation on, and at a high ventilation airflow rate. Furthermore, recirculating in-cabin air through a high efficiency particulate air filter was found to significantly reduce in-cabin UFP exposure. |
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